Transmitting apparatus

ABSTRACT

A transmitting apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure transmits a plurality of first transmission data and a plurality of second transmission data by using an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) method. The transmitting apparatus includes frame configuring circuitry, which in operation, generates a frame including a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which the plurality of first transmission data is multiplexed by a time division multiplexing method and is transmitted, and a third period in which the plurality of second transmission data is multiplexed by a frequency division multiplexing method and is transmitted; and transmitting circuitry that transmits the frame.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a transmitting method, a receivingmethod, a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

Conventionally, as a communication method using a multi-antenna, forexample, there is a communication method which is referred to as MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output).

In multi-antenna communication which is typically MIMO, data receptionquality and/or a data communication rate (per unit time) can be enhancedby modulating transmission data of one or more sequences andsimultaneously transmitting the respective modulated signals fromdifferent antennas by using the same frequency (common frequency).

FIG. 62 is a view explaining an outline of a spatial multiplexing MIMOmethod. The MIMO method in FIG. 62 indicates an example ofconfigurations of a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus ina case where a number of transmitting antennas is 2 (TX1 and TX2), anumber of receiving antennas (RX1 and RX2) is 2 and a number oftransmission modulated signals (transmission streams) is 2.

The transmitting apparatus has a signal generator and a wirelessprocessor. The signal generator performs communication channel coding ondata, performs MIMO precoding processing, and generates two transmissionsignals z1(t) and z2(t) which can be transmitted simultaneously by usingthe same frequency (common frequency). The wireless processormultiplexes individual transmission signals in a frequency direction asnecessary, that is, converts the transmission signals intomulti-carriers (for example, an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing) method), and also inserts a pilot signal for estimation bya receiving apparatus of a transmission channel distortion, a frequencyoffset, a phase distortion and the like. However, the pilot signal mayestimate other distortions and the like, and the receiving apparatus mayalso use the pilot signal for signal detection. Note that a mode ofusing the pilot signal in the receiving apparatus is not limited to thismode. The two transmitting antennas use the two transmitting antennas(TX1 and TX2) to transmit z1(t) and z2(t).

The receiving apparatus includes the receiving antennas (RX1 and RX2), awireless processor, a channel fluctuation estimator and a signalprocessor. The receiving antenna (RX1) receives signals transmitted fromthe two transmitting antennas (TX1 and TX2) of the transmittingapparatus. The channel fluctuation estimator estimates a channelfluctuation value by using a pilot signal, and supplies a channelfluctuation estimation value to the signal processor. The signalprocessor restores data contained in z1(t) and z2(t) based on channelvalues estimated as signals received at the two receiving antennas, andobtains the data as one piece of received data. However, the receiveddata may be a hard determination value of “0” or “1” or may be a softdetermination value such as log likelihood or a log likelihood ratio.

Moreover, various coding methods such as turbo codes (for example,Duo-Binary Turbo codes) and LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes areused as coding methods (NPLs 1 to 6 and the like).

CITATION LIST Non-Patent Literature

-   NPL 1: R. G. Gallager, “Low-density parity-check codes,” IRE Trans.    Inform. Theory, IT-8, pp-21-28, 1962.-   NPL 2: “Performance analysis and design optimization of LDPC-coded    MIMO OFDM systems” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing., vol. 52, no. 2,    pp. 348-361, February 2004.-   NPL 3: C. Douillard, and C. Berrou, “Turbo codes with rate −m/(m+1)    constituent convolutional codes,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no.    10, pp. 1630-1638, October 2005.-   NPL 4: C. Berrou, “The ten-year-old turbo codes are entering into    service,” IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 110-116,    August 2003.-   NPL 5: DVB Document A122, Framing structure, channel coding and    modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television    broadcasting system (DVB-T2), June 2008.-   NPL 6: D. J. C. Mackay, “Good error-correcting codes based on very    sparse matrices,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 45, no. 2, pp    399-431, March 1999.-   NPL 7: S. M. Alamouti, “A simple transmit diversity technique for    wireless communications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 16,    no. 8, pp. 1451-1458, October 1998.-   NPL 8: V. Tarokh, H. Jafrkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, “Space-time    block coding for wireless communications: Performance results,”    IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 3, no. 3, pp. 451-460,    March 1999.

SUMMARY

In one general aspect, the techniques disclosed here feature atransmitting method according to the present disclosure which includesgenerating a frame by allocating time and frequency resources to aplurality of transmission data by using an orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) method, and transmitting the frame, wherein theframe includes a first period in which a preamble including controlinformation is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality oftransmission data is transmitted by usign a time division multiplexingmethod, and a third period in which a plurality of transmission data istransmitted by using a frequency division multiplexing method, thecontrol information includes information indicating the allocation ofthe time and frequency resources for each of the plurality oftransmission data to be transmitted in the second period and the thirdperiod, and the information indicating the allocation of the time andfrequency resources indicates time and a frequency in the frame oftransmission data arranged at a head in the frame among the plurality oftransmission data arranged in the frame.

According to the transmitting apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, higher data reception quality can be obtained when an MIMOmethod is used.

Additional benefits and advantages of the disclosed embodiments willbecome apparent from the specification and drawings. The benefits and/oradvantages may be individually obtained by the various embodiments andfeatures of the specification and drawings, which need not all beprovided in order to obtain one or more of such benefits and/oradvantages.

It should be noted that general or specific embodiments may beimplemented as a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computerprogram, a storage medium, or any selective combination thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere a transmitting method using space time block codes is performed;

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using space time block codes is performed;

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere a transmitting method using an MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 16 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed;

FIG. 18A is a view illustrating an example of a symbol arranging method;

FIG. 18B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 19A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 19B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 20A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 20B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 21A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 21B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 22A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 22B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 23 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of areceiving apparatus;

FIG. 24 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 25 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 26 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 27 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 28 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 29 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 30 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 31 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 32 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 33 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 34 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 35 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 36 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 37 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 38 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 39 is a view illustrating an example of a symbol arranging method;

FIG. 40 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 41 is a view illustrating an insertion example of a pilot symbol tobe inserted to a data symbol group;

FIG. 42 is a view illustrating an insertion example of a pilot symbol tobe inserted to a data symbol group;

FIG. 43 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 44 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 45 is a view illustrating an example of area decomposition of afrequency and time;

FIG. 46 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 47 is a view illustrating an example of area decomposition of afrequency and time;

FIG. 48 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 49 is a view illustrating an example of a control symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 50 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 51 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 52 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 53 is a view illustrating an example of the control symbolarranging method;

FIG. 54 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration;

FIG. 55A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 55B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 56A is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 56B is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 57 is a view illustrating an example of a relationship between atransmission station and a terminal;

FIG. 58 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus;

FIG. 59 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 60 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod;

FIG. 61 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus; and

FIG. 62 is a view illustrating a schematic view of an MIMO system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION First Exemplary Embodiment

FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration of a transmitting apparatus (of,for example, a broadcast station) in the present exemplary embodiment.

Data generator 102 receives an input of transmission data 10801, andcontrol signal 109. Data generator 102 performs error correction codingand mapping which is based on a modulating method, based on informationsuch as information of error correction coding contained in controlsignal 109 and information of the modulating method contained in controlsignal 109. Data generator 102 outputs data transmission (quadrature)baseband signal 103.

Second preamble generator 105 receives an input of second preambletransmission data 104, and control signal 109. Second preamble generator105 performs error correction coding and mapping which is based on amodulating method, based on information such as information of errorcorrection of a second preamble contained in control signal 109 andinformation of the modulating method contained in control signal 109.Second preamble generator 105 outputs second preamble (quadrature)baseband signal 106.

Control signal generator 108 receives an input of first preambletransmission data 107, and second preamble transmission data 104.Control signal generator 108 outputs as control signal 109 informationof a method for transmitting each symbol (a selected transmitting methodincluding an error correction code, a coding rate of the errorcorrection code, a modulating method, a block length, a frameconfiguration and a transmitting method for regularly switchingprecoding matrices, a method for inserting a pilot symbol, informationor the like of IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform)/FFT (Fast FourierTransform) or of inverse Fourier transform/Fourier transform,information of a method for reduction a PAPR (Peak to Average PowerRatio) and information of a method for inserting a guard interval).

Frame configuring unit 110 receives an input of data transmission(quadrature) baseband signal 103, second preamble (quadrature) basebandsignal 106, and control signal 109. Frame configuring unit 110 performsrearrangement in a frequency axis and a time axis based on informationof a frame configuration contained in the control signal. Frameconfiguring unit 110 outputs (quadrature) baseband signal 111_1 ofstream 1 according to the frame configuration, that is, a signalobtained after mapping or a baseband signal based on a modulating methodto be used, and (quadrature) baseband signal 111_2 of stream 2 accordingto the frame configuration, that is, a signal obtained after mapping ora baseband signal based on a modulating method to be used.

Signal processor 112 receives an input of baseband signal 111_1 ofstream 1, baseband signal 111_2 of stream 2, and control signal 109.Signal processor 112 outputs modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained aftersignal processing based on a transmitting method contained in controlsignal 109 and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained after the signalprocessing based on a transmitting method contained in control signal109.

Note that in the signal processor, for example, an MIMO transmittingmethod using precoding and phase change or an MIMO transmitting methodwhich does not perform phase change (both of these methods willcollectively be referred to as an MIMO method here), an MISO(Multiple-Input Single-Output) transmitting method using space timeblock codes (space frequency block codes) (referred to as an MISO methodhere), and an SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) or an SIMO (Single-InputMultiple-Output) transmitting method for transmitting a modulated signalof one stream from one antenna. However, there is also a case where amodulated signal of one stream is transmitted from a plurality ofantennas in the SISO method and the SIMO method. An operation of signalprocessor 112 will be described in detail below.

Pilot insertion unit 114_1 receives an input of modulated signal 1(113_1) obtained after signal processing, and control signal 109. Pilotinsertion unit 114_1 inserts a pilot symbol to modulated signal 1(113_1) obtained after the signal processing, based on informationcontained in control signal 109 and related to a method for insertingthe pilot symbol. Pilot insertion unit 114_1 outputs modulated signal115_1 obtained after the pilot symbol insertion.

Pilot insertion unit 114_2 receives an input of modulated signal 2(113_2) obtained after signal processing, and control signal 109. Pilotinsertion unit 114_2 inserts a pilot symbol to modulated signal 2(113_2) obtained after the signal processing, based on informationcontained in control signal 109 and related to a method for insertingthe pilot symbol. Pilot insertion unit 114_2 outputs modulated signal115_2 obtained after the pilot symbol insertion.

IFFT unit 116_1 receives an input of modulated signal 115_1 obtainedafter the pilot symbol insertion, and control signal 109. IFFT unit116_1 performs IFFT based on information of an IFFT method contained incontrol signal 109. IFFT unit 116_1 outputs signal 117_1 obtained afterthe IFFT.

IFFT unit 116_2 receives an input of modulated signal 115_2 obtainedafter the pilot symbol insertion, and control signal 109. IFFT unit116_2 performs IFFT based on information of the IFFT method contained incontrol signal 109. IFFT unit 116_2 outputs signal 117_2 obtained afterthe IFFT.

PAPR reduction unit 118_1 receives an input of signal 117_1 obtainedafter the IFFT, and control signal 109. PAPR reduction unit 118_1performs processing for PAPR reduction on signal 117_1 obtained afterthe IFFT based on information contained in control signal 109 andrelated to the PAPR reduction. PAPR reduction unit 118_1 outputs signal119_1 obtained after the PAPR reduction.

PAPR reduction unit 118_2 receives an input of signal 117_2 obtainedafter the IFFT, and control signal 109. PAPR reduction unit 118_2performs processing for PAPR reduction on signal 117_2 obtained afterthe IFFT based on information contained in control signal 109 andrelated to the PAPR reduction. PAPR reduction unit 118_2 outputs signal119_2 obtained after the PAPR reduction.

Guard interval insertion unit 120_1 receives an input of signal 119_1obtained after the PAPR reduction, and control signal 109. Guardinterval insertion unit 120_1 inserts a guard interval to signal 119_1obtained after the PAPR reduction, based on information contained incontrol signal 109 and related to a guard interval insertion method.Guard interval insertion unit 120_1 outputs signal 121_1 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion.

Guard interval insertion unit 120_2 receives an input of signal 119_2obtained after the PAPR reduction, and control signal 109. Guardinterval insertion unit 120_2 inserts a guard interval to signal 119_2obtained after the PAPR reduction, based on information contained incontrol signal 109 and related to a guard interval insertion method.Guard interval insertion unit 120_2 outputs signal 121_2 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion.

First preamble insertion unit 122 receives an input of signal 121_1obtained after the guard interval insertion, signal 121_2 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion, and first preamble transmission data 107.First preamble insertion unit 122 generates a first preamble signal fromfirst preamble transmission data 107. First preamble insertion unit 122adds the first preamble to signal 121_1 obtained after the guardinterval insertion. First preamble insertion unit 122 adds the firstpreamble to signal 123_1 obtained after the addition of the firstpreamble, and signal 121_2 obtained after the guard interval insertion.First preamble insertion unit 122 outputs signal 123_2 obtained afterthe addition of the first preamble. Note that the first preamble signalmay be added to both of signal 123_1 obtained after the addition of thefirst preamble and signal 123_2 obtained after addition of the firstpreamble, and also may be added to any one of signal 123_1 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble and signal 123_2 obtained afteraddition of the first preamble. When the first preamble signal is addedto one of signal 123_1 and signal 123_2, the signal to which the firstpreamble is not added includes a zero signal as a baseband signal in asection in which the signal to which the first preamble is added isadded.

Wireless processor 124_1 receives an input of signal 123_1 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble. Wireless processor 124_1performs processing such as frequency conversion and amplification onsignal 123_1. Wireless processor 124_1 outputs transmission signal125_1. Then, transmission signal 125_1 is output as a radio wave fromantenna 126_1.

Wireless processor 124_2 receives an input of signal 123_2 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble. Wireless processor 124_2performs processing such as frequency conversion and amplification onsignal 123_2. Wireless processor 124_2 outputs transmission signal125_2. Then, transmission signal 125_2 is output as a radio wave fromantenna 126_2.

Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, the MIMO transmittingmethod using precoding and phase change, the MISO transmitting methodusing space time block codes or space frequency block codes, the SISOtransmitting method or the SIMO transmitting method is used as describedabove. Details will be described below.

FIGS. 2 to 6 are examples of frame configurations of a modulated signalto be transmitted by the above-described transmitting apparatus.Characteristics of each frame configuration will be described below.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a first frame configuration. In FIG. 2,a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as anOFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the verticalaxis frequency.

FIG. 2 illustrates first preamble 201, second preamble 202, data symbolgroup #1 203, data symbol group #2 204, and data symbol group #3 205.

First, the data symbol groups will be described.

A data symbol group may be allocated per video and audio stream. Forexample, symbols for transmitting a first video and audio stream are ofdata symbol group #1 (203), symbols for transmitting a second video andaudio stream are of data symbol group #2 (204), and symbols fortransmitting a third video and audio stream are of data symbol group #3(205). This point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies toFIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6. This point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the samealso applies to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Moreover, for example, PLP (Physical Layer Pipe) in a standard such asDVB-T2 (a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcastingsystem) may also be referred to as a data symbol group. That is, in FIG.2, data symbol group #1 (203) may be referred to as PLP #1, data symbolgroup #2 (204) may be referred to as PLP #2, and data symbol group #3(205) may be referred to as PLP #3. This point is not limited to FIG. 2,and the same also applies to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

First preamble 201 and second preamble 202 include, for example, asymbol for performing frequency synchronization and time synchronization(for example, a PSK symbol having signal point arrangement in anin-phase I-quadrature Q plane known in the transmitting apparatus andthe receiving apparatus), a pilot symbol for estimation by the receivingapparatus of a channel fluctuation (for example, a PSK symbol havingsignal point arrangement in an in-phase I-quadrature Q plane known inthe transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus), a symbol fortransmitting transmitting method information of each data symbol group(information for identifying the SISO method, the MISO method and theMIMO method), a symbol for transmitting information related to an errorcorrection code of each data symbol group (for example, a code lengthand a coding rate), a symbol for transmitting information related to amethod for modulating each data symbol (in a case of the MISO method orthe MIMO method, since there is a plurality of streams, a plurality ofmodulating methods is specified), a symbol for transmitting transmittingmethod information of the first and second preambles, a symbol fortransmitting information related to an error correction code of thefirst and second preambles, a symbol for transmitting informationrelated to a method for modulating the first and second preambles, asymbol for transmitting information related to a method for inserting apilot symbol, and a symbol for transmitting information related to amethod for suppressing a PAPR. This point is not limited to FIG. 2, andthe same also applies to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Characteristic points in FIG. 2 are such that a data symbol group issubjected to temporal division and is transmitted.

Note that in FIG. 2, a symbol for transmitting a pilot symbol or controlinformation may be inserted to a data symbol group. Moreover, a datasymbol group may also be a symbol group based on the MIMO (transmitting)method and the MISO (transmitting) method. As a matter of course, thedata symbol group may be a symbol group of the SISO/SIMO methods. Inthis case, at the same time and the same (common) frequency, a pluralityof streams (s1 and s2 described below) is transmitted. In this case, atthe same time and the same (common) frequency, a plurality of modulatedsignals is transmitted from a plurality of (different) antennas. Then,this point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies to FIGS.3, 4, 5 and 6.

Next, FIG. 3 will be described. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of asecond frame configuration. In FIG. 3, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since atransmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method isused, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency.Note that the same elements as the elements in FIG. 2 are assigned thesame reference numerals in FIG. 3, and operate in the same way as inFIG. 2.

Characteristic points in FIG. 3 are such that first preamble 301 andsecond preamble 302 are inserted temporarily between data symbol group#2 (204) and data symbol group #3 (205). That is, when a symbol groupformed with a “first preamble, a second preamble and a data symbolgroup” is referred to as a group, there are a first group (the firstpreamble, the second preamble, data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2) and a second group (the first preamble, the second preambleand data symbol group #3), and configurations of the data symbol groupcontained in the first group and of the data symbol group contained inthe second group are different.

In such a case, for example, a video and audio to be transmitted withdata symbol group #1 and a video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video andaudio, but may be the same “video and audio.” In this way, there is anadvantage that the receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video andaudio” with high quality by a method as simple as selecting “whether todemodulate data symbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” andthat since a preamble can be made common in this case, controlinformation transmission efficiency can be enhanced.

(However, contrarily, the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol #2 may be different.)

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method. A number of modulated signals to be transmitted maybe different. For this reason, when a data symbol group is gathered pertransmitting method, there is a possibility that a decrease intransmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented.

Next, FIG. 4 will be described. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a thirdframe configuration. In FIG. 4, a vertical axis indicates a frequency,and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since a transmitting methodusing a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method is used, there is aplurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency. Note that elementsoperating in the same way as in FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 4, and operate in the same way as in FIG. 2.

Characteristic points in FIG. 4 are such that data symbol group #1 anddata symbol group #2 are subjected to frequency division, and that inaddition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and data symbol group #2 (402)”and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected to temporal division.That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by using frequency divisionand temporal division in combination.

Next, FIG. 5 will be described. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of afourth frame configuration. In FIG. 5, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since atransmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method isused, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency.Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 4 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 5, and operate in the sameway as in FIGS. 2 and 4.

Characteristic points in FIG. 5 are such that, as with FIG. 4, datasymbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 are subjected to frequencydivision, and that in addition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and datasymbol group #2 (402)” and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected totemporal division. That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by usingfrequency division and temporal division in combination.

In addition, characteristic points in FIG. 5 are such that firstpreamble 301 and second preamble 302 are inserted temporarily between“data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and data symbol #2 (402)” anddata symbol group #3 (403). That is, when a symbol group formed with a“first preamble, a second preamble and a data symbol group” is referredto as a group, there are a first group (the first preamble, the secondpreamble, data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2) and a secondgroup (the first preamble, the second preamble and data symbol group#3), and configurations of the data symbol group contained in the firstgroup and of the data symbol group contained in the second group aredifferent.

In such a case, for example, a video and audio to be transmitted withdata symbol group #1 and a video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video andaudio, but may be the same “video and audio.” In this way, there is anadvantage that the receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video andaudio” with high quality by a method as simple as selecting “whether todemodulate data symbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” andthat since a preamble can be made common in this case, controlinformation transmission efficiency can be enhanced.

However, contrarily, the the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol #2 may be different.

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method. A number of modulated signals to be transmitted maybe different. For this reason, when a data symbol group is gathered pertransmitting method, there is a possibility that a decrease intransmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented.

Next, FIG. 6 will be described. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a fifthframe configuration. In FIG. 6, a vertical axis indicates a frequency,and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since a transmitting methodusing a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method is used, there is aplurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency. Note that elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 4 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 6, and operate in the same way as in FIGS. 2and 4.

Characteristic points in FIG. 6 are such that, as with FIGS. 4 and 5,data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 are subjected to frequencydivision, and that in addition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and datasymbol group #2 (402)” and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected totemporal division. That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by usingfrequency division and temporal division in combination.

In addition, characteristic points in FIG. 6 are such that a pilotsymbol is inserted (temporarily) between “data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and data symbol #2 (402)” and data symbol group #3 (403).

In such a case, for example, a video and audio to be transmitted withdata symbol group #1 and a video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video andaudio, but may be the same “video and audio.” In this way, there is anadvantage that the receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video andaudio” with high quality by a method as simple as selecting “whether todemodulate data symbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” andthat since a preamble can be made common in this case, controlinformation transmission efficiency can be enhanced.

However, contrarily, the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and the video and audio to be transmitted with datasymbol #2 may be different.

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method. A number of modulated signals to be transmitted maybe different. For this reason, when a data symbol group is gathered pertransmitting method, there is a possibility that a decrease intransmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented.

Note that in the case of the MISO method or the MIMO method, a pilotsymbol is inserted to each modulated signal to be transmitted from eachtransmitting antenna.

Then, the insertion of pilot symbol 601 as illustrated in FIG. 6 makesit possible for the receiving apparatus to perform highly precisechannel estimation for wave detection and demodulation of each datasymbol group. Moreover, when methods for transmitting data symbols areswitched, the receiving apparatus needs to adjust a gain of a receivedsignal suitable for the transmitting apparatus. However, it is possibleto obtain an advantage that the gain can be adjusted easily by pilotsymbol 601.)

Note that in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, for example, a video and audio to betransmitted with data symbol group #1 and a video and audio to betransmitted with data symbol group #2 are different in codingcompressibility of a video and audio, but may be the same “video andaudio.” In this way, there is an advantage that the receiving apparatuscan obtain a desired “video and audio” with high quality by a method assimple as selecting “whether to demodulate data symbol group #1 ordemodulate data symbol group #2,” and that since a preamble can be madecommon in this case, control information transmission efficiency can beenhanced. However, contrarily, the video and audio to be transmittedwith data symbol group #1 and the video and audio to be transmitted withdata symbol #2 may be different.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIG. 5, the first preamble andthe second preamble are inserted between the data symbol group subjectedto time division and the data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision. However, symbols other than the first preamble and the secondpreamble may be inserted. Then, in the example in FIG. 6, the pilotsymbol is inserted between the data symbol group subjected to timedivision and the data symbol group subjected to frequency division.However, symbols other than pilot symbols may be inserted.

Characteristic points of the present exemplary embodiment will bedescribed.

As described above, the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 haverespective advantages. Hence, the transmitting apparatus selects any ofthe frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 according to compressibilityand a type of data (stream), a transmitting method combining method anda method of service to be provided to a terminal, and transmits symbolssuch as control information, pilot symbols and data symbols.

In order to realize the above, the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) mayincorporate “information related to a frame configuration” fortransmitting information related to a frame configuration to thereceiving apparatus (terminal) in the first preamble or the secondpreamble.

For example, in a case where the transmitting apparatus transmits amodulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 2 when three bitsof v0, v1 and v2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0,0) and transmits the “information related to the frame configuration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 3, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 4, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 0, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

Then, the receiving apparatus can learn an outline of a frameconfiguration of a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus, from the “information related to the frame configuration.”

As described above, the data symbol group is a symbol of any of theSISO, the SIMO method, the MISO method and the MIMO method. The MISOmethod and the MIMO method will be described in particular below.

The MISO (transmitting) method using space time block codes or spacefrequency block codes will be described.

A configuration in a case where signal processor 112 in FIG. 1 performsa transmitting method using space time block codes will be describedwith reference to FIG. 7.

Mapper 702 receives an input of data signal (data obtained after errorcorrection coding) 701 and control signal 706. Mapper 702 performsmapping based on information contained in control signal 706 and relatedto a modulating method. Mapper 702 outputs signal 703 obtained after themapping. For example, signal 703 obtained after the mapping is arrangedin order of s0, s1, s2, s3, . . . , s(2i), s(2i+1), . . . . i is aninteger equal to or more than 0.

MISO processor 704 receives an input of signal 703 obtained after themapping and control signal 706. MISO processor 704 outputs signals 705Aand 705B obtained after MISO processing in a case where control signal706 instructs transmission by the MISO method. For example, signal 705Aobtained after the MISO processing is of s0, s1, s2, s3, . . . , s(2i),s(2i+1), . . . , and signal 705B obtained after the MISO processing isof −s1*, s0*, −s3*, s2* . . . , −s(2i+1)*, s(2i)*, . . . . Note that “*”means a complex conjugate. For example, s0* is a complex conjugate ofs0.

In this case, signals 705A and 705B obtained after the MISO processingcorrespond to modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after signalprocessing in FIG. 1, and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained aftersignal processing, respectively. Note that a method of space time blockcodes is not limited to the above.

Then, modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after the signal processing issubjected to predetermined processing, and is transmitted as a radiowave from antenna 126_1. Moreover, modulated signal 1 (113_2) obtainedafter the signal processing is subjected to predetermined processing,and is transmitted as a radio wave from antenna 126_2.

FIG. 8 is a configuration in a case where a transmitting method usingspace time block codes different from the configuration in FIG. 7 isperformed.

Mapper 702 receives an input of data signal (data obtained after errorcorrection coding) 701 and control signal 706. Mapper 702 performsmapping based on information contained in control signal 706 and relatedto a modulating method. Mapper 702 outputs signal 703 obtained after themapping. For example, signal 703 obtained after the mapping is arrangedin order of s0, s1, s2, s3, . . . , s(2i), s(2i+1), . . . . i is aninteger equal to or more than 0.

MISO processor 704 receives an input of signal 703 obtained after themapping and control signal 706. MISO processor 704 outputs signals 705Aand 705B obtained after MISO processing in a case where control signal706 instructs transmission by the MISO method. For example, signal 705Aobtained after the MISO processing is of s0, −s1*, s2, −s3*, . . . ,s(2i), −s(2i+1)*, . . . , and signal 705B obtained after the MISOprocessing is of s1, s0*, s3, s2* . . . , s(2i+1), s(2i)*, . . . . Notethat “*” means a complex conjugate. For example, s0* is a complexconjugate of s0.

In this case, signals 705A and 705B obtained after the MISO processingcorrespond to modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after signalprocessing in FIG. 1, and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained aftersignal processing, respectively. Note that a method of space time blockcodes is not limited to the above.

Then, modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after the signal processing issubjected to predetermined processing, and is transmitted as a radiowave from antenna 126_1. Moreover, modulated signal 1 (113_2) obtainedafter the signal processing is subjected to predetermined processing,and is transmitted as a radio wave from antenna 126_2.

Next, an MIMO method to which precoding, phase change and power changeare applied will be described as an example of the MIMO method. However,the method for transmitting a plurality of streams from a plurality ofantennas is not limited to this method, and the present exemplaryembodiment can also be carried out by another method.

A configuration in a case where signal processor 112 in FIG. 1 performsa transmitting method using the MIMO method will be described withreference to FIGS. 9 to 17.

Encoder 1102 in FIG. 9 receives an input of information 1101, andcontrol signal 1112. Encoder 1102 performs encoding based on informationof a coding rate and a code length (block length) contained in controlsignal 1112. Encoder 1102 outputs encoded data 1103.

Mapper 1104 receives an input of encoded data 1103, and control signal1112. Then, it is assumed that control signal 1112 specifiestransmission of two streams as a transmitting method. In addition, it isassumed that control signal 1112 specifies modulating method α andmodulating method β as modulating methods of the two streams,respectively. Note that modulating method α is a modulating method formodulating x-bit data, and modulating method β is a modulating methodfor modulating y-bit data. For example, the modulating method is amodulating method for modulating 4-bit data in a case of 16QAM:Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, and a modulating method for modulating6-bit data in a case of 64QAM.

Then, mapper 1104 modulates the x-bit data of x+y-bit data by modulatingmethod α, generates and outputs baseband signal s₁(t) 1105A, and alsomodulates the remaining y-bit data by modulating method β, and outputsbaseband signal s₂(t) 11056. Note that FIG. 9 illustrates one mapper,but as another configuration, there may separately be a mapper forgenerating s₁(t) and a mapper for generating s₂(t). In this case,encoded data 1103 is sorted to the mapper for generating s₁(t) and themapper for generating s₂(t).

Note that s₁(t) and s₂(t) are expressed by complex numbers (however,s₁(t) and s₂(t) may be any of complex numbers and actual numbers), and trepresents time. Note that when a transmitting method usingmulti-carriers such as OFDM is used, each of s₁ and s₂ can also beconsidered as a function of frequency f like s₁(f) and s₂(f) or as afunction of time t and frequency f like s₁(t, f) and s₂(t, f).

A baseband signal, a precoding matrix, phase change and the like will bedescribed below as a function of time t, but may be considered as afunction of frequency f and a function of time t and frequency f.

Hence, there is also a case where a baseband signal, a precoding matrix,phase change and the like are described as a function of symbol numberi. However, in this case, a baseband signal, a precoding matrix, phasechange and the like only need to be considered as a function of time t,a function of frequency f and a function of time t and frequency f. Thatis, a symbol and a baseband signal may be generated and arranged in atime axis direction, and may be generated and arranged in a frequencyaxis direction. Moreover, a symbol and a baseband signal may begenerated and arranged in the time axis direction and the frequency axisdirection.

Power changer 1106A (power adjuster 1106A) receives an input of basebandsignal s₁(t) 1105A, and control signal 1112. Power changer 1106A setsactual number P₁ based on control signal 1112. Power changer 1106Aoutputs P₁×s₁(t) as signal 1107A obtained after power change. Note thatP₁ is assumed to be an actual number, but may be a complex number.

Similarly, power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) receives an inputof baseband signal s₂(t) 1105B, and control signal 512. Power changer1106B sets actual number P₂. Power changer 1106B outputs P₂×s₂(t) assignal 1107B obtained after power change. Note that P₂ is assumed to bean actual number, but may be a complex number.

Weighting synthesizer 1108 receives an input of signal 1107A obtainedafter the power change, signal 1107B obtained after the power change,and control signal 1112. Weighting synthesizer 1108 sets precodingmatrix F (or F(i)) based on control signal 1112. Weighting synthesizer1108 performs the following arithmetic operation, assuming that a slotnumber (symbol number) is i.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 1} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{{u\;}_{1}(i)} \\{u_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {{\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

Here, a(i), b(i), c(i) and d(i) can be expressed by complex numbers, andit is to be noted that three or more of a(i), b(i), c(i) and d(i) thatmay be actual numbers should not be 0. Note that a precoding matrix maybe a function of i or may not be the function of i. Then, when aprecoding matrix is the function of i, the precoding matrices areswitched according to a slot number (symbol number).

Then, weighting synthesizer 1108 outputs u₁(i) in equation (1) as signal1109A obtained after weighting synthesis. Weighting synthesizer 1108outputs u₂(i) in equation (1) as signal 11096 obtained after theweighting synthesis.

Power changer 1110A receives an input of signal u₁(i) 1109A obtainedafter the weighting synthesis, and control signal 512. Power changer1110A sets actual number Q₁ based on control signal 1112. Power changer1110A outputs Q₁×u₁(t) as signal z₁(i) 1111A obtained after powerchange. Note that Q₁ is assumed to be an actual number, but may be acomplex number.

Similarly, power changer 11106 receives an input of signal u₂(i) 11096obtained after the weighting synthesis, and control signal 1112. Powerchanger 1110B sets actual number Q₂ based on control signal 512. Powerchanger 1110B outputs Q₂×u₂(t) as signal z₂(i) 1111B obtained after thepower change. Note that Q₂ is assumed to be an actual number, but may bea complex number.

Hence, the following equation holds.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {\text{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 2} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting method in FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIG.10. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 9 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 10.

Phase changer 1161 receives an input of signal 1109B obtained afterweighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1), and control signal 1112.Phase changer 1161 changes a phase of signal 1109B obtained after theweighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1) based on control signal1112. Hence, a signal obtained after the phase change of signal 1109Bobtained after the weighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1) isexpressed by e^(jθ(i))×u₂(i). Phase changer 1161 outputs e^(jθ(i))×u₂(i)as signal 1162 obtained after the phase change (j is a unit of animaginary number). Note that a value of a phase to be changed is aportion characterized by being the function of i like θ(i).

Then, power changers 1110A and 1110B in FIG. 10 each perform powerchange of an input signal. Hence, output z₁(i) and output z₂(i) ofrespective power changers 1110A and 1110B in FIG. 10 are expressed bythe following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (3), there is FIG. 11 as aconfiguration different from the configuration in FIG. 10. A differencebetween FIGS. 10 and 11 is that the power changer and the phase changersare switched in order. Note that the power changer and the phase changerhave no change in functions themselves of performing power change andphase change, respectively. In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressedby the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

When value θ(i) of a phase to be changed in equation (3) and equation(4) is set such that, for example, θ(i+1)−θ(i) is a fixed value, thereceiving apparatus is highly likely to obtain good data receptionquality in radio wave propagation environment in which a direct wave isdominant. However, how to give value θ(i) of a phase to be changed isnot limited to this example.

The case where there are some of the power changers or all of the powerchangers is described as an example with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11.However, there can also be considered a case where some of the powerchangers do not exist.

For example, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A) nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) in FIG. 9, z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1110A (power adjuster1110A) nor power changer 11106 (power adjuster 11106) in FIG. 9, z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A), nor power changer 11066 (power adjuster 1106B), nor powerchanger 1110A (power adjuster 1110A) nor power changer 11106 (poweradjuster 11106) in FIG. 9, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 7} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A) nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) in FIG. 10 or 11,z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (8)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1110A (power adjuster1110A) nor power changer 11106 (power adjuster 11106) in FIG. 10 or 11,z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 9} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A), nor power changer 11066 (power adjuster 1106B), nor powerchanger 1110A (power adjuster 1110A) nor power changer 11106 (poweradjuster 11106) in FIG. 10 or 11, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed asfollows.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (10)\end{matrix}$

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 11 will be described with referenceto FIG. 12. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 11 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 12, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 12 are such that phase changer 1151 isinserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) 1105B, andcontrol signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) 1105B based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginary number). Notethat a value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized bybeing a function of i like λ(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (10),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 12 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 11} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (11)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (11), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 12.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 12} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (12)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (11) and z₁(i) of equation (12)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (11) and z₂(i) of equation (12) areequal.

FIG. 13 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 12. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 12 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.13, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 12 and13 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 12 is order in FIG. 13. The power changer and the phasechanger have no change in functions themselves of performing powerchange and phase change, respectively.

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (12),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 13 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 13} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (13)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (13), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 13.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 14} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (14)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (11), z₁(i) of equation (12),z₁(i) of equation (13) and z₁(i) of equation (14) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (11), z₂(i) of equation (12), z₂(i) of equation (13) andz₂(i) of equation (14) are equal.

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 13 will be described with referenceto FIG. 14. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 13 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 14, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 14 are such that phase changer 1181 andphase changer 1151 are inserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) 1105B, andcontrol signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) 1105B based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)). j is a unit of an imaginary number. Note thata value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized by being afunction of i like λ(i).

Moreover, phase changer 1181 receives an input of baseband signal s₁(i)1105A, and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1181 changes a phase ofbaseband signal s₁(i) 1105A based on control signal 1112. In this case,j assuming that a phase change value is e^(jδ(i)) is a unit of animaginary number. Note that a value of a phase to be changed is aportion characterized by being a function of i like δ(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (14),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 14 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 15} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (15)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (15), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 14.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 16} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (16)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (15) and z₁(i) of equation (16)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (15) and z₂(i) of equation (16) areequal.

FIG. 15 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 14. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 14 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.15, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 14 and15 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 14 is order in FIG. 15. The power changer and the phasechanger have no change in functions themselves of performing powerchange and phase change, respectively.

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (16),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 15 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 17} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (17)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (17), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 15.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 18} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (18)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (15), z₁(i) of equation (16),z₁(i) of equation (17) and z₁(i) of equation (18) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (15), z₂(i) of equation (16), z₂(i) of equation (17) andz₂(i) of equation (18) are equal.

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 15 will be described with referenceto FIG. 16. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 15 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 16, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 16 are such that phase changer 1181, phasechanger 1151, phase changer 1110A and phase changer 11106 are inserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) 1105B, andcontrol signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) 1105B based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginary number). Notethat a value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized bybeing a function of i like λ(i).

Moreover, phase changer 1181 receives an input of baseband signal s₁(i)1105A, and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1181 changes a phase ofbaseband signal s₁(i) 1105A based on control signal 1112. In this case,j assuming that a phase change value is e^(jδ(i)) is a unit of animaginary number. Note that a value of a phase to be changed is aportion characterized by being a function of i like δ(i).

Phase changer 1161 performs phase change on an input signal. A phasechange value in this case is θ(i). Similarly, phase changer 1191performs phase change on an input signal. A phase change value in thiscase is ω(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (18),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 16 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 19} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (19)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (19), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 16.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 20} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (20)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (19) and z₁(i) of equation (20)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (19) and z₂(i) of equation (20) areequal.

FIG. 17 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 16. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 16 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.17, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 16 and17 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 14 and order in which power changer 1110A and phasechanger 1191 are switched in FIG. 14 are order in FIG. 17. The powerchanger and the phase changer have no change in functions themselves ofperforming power change and phase change, respectively.

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (20),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 17 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 21} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (21)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (21), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 17.The power changer and the phase changer have no change in functionsthemselves of performing power change and phase change, respectively. Inthis case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 22} \rbrack} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\omega {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\delta {(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\; {\lambda {(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (22)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (19), z₁(i) of equation (20),z₁(i) of equation (21) and z₁(i) of equation (22) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (19), z₂(i) of equation (20), z₂(i) of equation (21) andz₂(i) of equation (22) are equal.

Matrix F for weighting synthesis (precoding) is described above.However, each exemplary embodiment herein can also be carried out byusing precoding matrix F (or F(i)) described below.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 23} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times e^{j\; \pi}}\end{pmatrix}} & (23) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 24} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; 0} & {\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & e^{j\; \pi}\end{pmatrix}}} & (24) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 25} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \pi}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times e^{j\; 0}}\end{pmatrix}} & (25) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 26} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; 0} & {\alpha \times e^{j\; \pi}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & e^{j\; 0}\end{pmatrix}}} & (26) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 27} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times e^{j\; \pi}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}}\end{pmatrix}} & (27) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 28} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & e^{j\; \pi} \\e^{j\; 0} & {\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}}\end{pmatrix}{\mspace{265mu} (28)}}} & \; \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 29} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times e^{j\; 0}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\; 0}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \pi}}\end{pmatrix}\mspace{295mu} (29)}} & \; \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 30} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\; 0}} & e^{j\; 0} \\e^{j\; 0} & {\alpha \times e^{j\; \pi}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (30)\end{matrix}$

Note that in equation (23), equation (24), equation (25), equation (26),equation (27), equation (28), equation (29), and equation (30), α may bean actual number or may be an imaginary number, and β may be an actualnumber or may be an imaginary number. However, α is not 0. Then, β isnot 0, either.

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 31} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \cos \; \theta} & {\beta \times \sin \; \theta} \\{\beta \times \sin \; \theta} & {{- \beta} \times \cos \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (31) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 32} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\cos \; \theta} & {\sin \; \theta} \\{\sin \; \theta} & {{- \cos}\; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (32) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 33} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \cos \; \theta} & {{- \beta} \times \sin \; \theta} \\{\beta \times \sin \; \theta} & {\beta \times \cos \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (33) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 34} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\cos \; \theta} & {{- \sin}\; \theta} \\{\sin \; \theta} & {\cos \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (34) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 35} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \sin \; \theta} & {{- \beta} \times \cos \; \theta} \\{\beta \times \cos \; \theta} & {\beta \times \sin \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (35) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 36} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\sin \; \theta} & {{- \cos}\; \theta} \\{\cos \; \theta} & {\sin \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (36) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 37} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \sin \; \theta} & {\beta \times \cos \; \theta} \\{\beta \times \cos \; \theta} & {{- \beta} \times \sin \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (37) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 38} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\sin \; \theta} & {\cos \; \theta} \\{\cos \; \theta} & {{- \sin}\; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (38)\end{matrix}$

Note that in equation (31), equation (33), equation (35) and equation(37), β may be an actual number or may be an imaginary number. However,β is not 0.

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 39} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\; {\theta_{11}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; {\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (39) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 40} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; {\theta_{11}{(i)}}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\; {\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (40) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 41} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; {\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\; {\theta_{11}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (41) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 42} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\; {\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}} \\e^{j\; {\theta_{11}{(i)}}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (42) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 43} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\; \theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda {(i)}}})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda {(i)}} + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (43) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 44} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; \theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda {(i)}}})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda {(i)}} + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (44) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 45} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda {(i)}} + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\; \theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{{{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}{(i)}})}}\end{pmatrix}} & (45) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 46} \rbrack & \; \\{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda {(i)}} + \pi})}} \\e^{j\; \theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{{{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}{(i)}})}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (46) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 47} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\; \theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (47) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 48} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\; \theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (48) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 49} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\; \theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (49) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 50} \rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\; \theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}} \\e^{j\; \theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (50)\end{matrix}$

Here, each of θ₁₁(i), θ₂₁(i) and λ(i) is a function of i, that is, anyof a function of time, a function of a frequency and a function of timeand a frequency, λ is a fixed value, α may be an actual number or may bean imaginary number, and β may be an actual number or may be animaginary number. However, α is not 0. Then, β is not 0, either.

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 51} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & \beta\end{pmatrix}} & (51) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 52} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {- \beta}\end{pmatrix}} & (52) \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 53} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {\beta \times e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (53) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 54} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {{- \beta} \times e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (54) \\{or} & \; \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 55} \rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{- \beta} & 0 \\0 & {\beta \times e^{j\; {\theta {(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (55)\end{matrix}$

Here, θ(i) is a function of i, that is, any of a function of time, afunction of a frequency and a function of time and a frequency, and βmay be an actual number or may be an imaginary number. However, β is not0, either.

Moreover, each exemplary embodiment herein can also be carried out byusing a precoding matrix other than these matrices.

In addition, there may be a method for performing precoding withoutperforming the above-described phase change, to generate a modulatedsignal and transmit the modulated signal from the transmittingapparatus. In this case, there can be considered an example where z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 56} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (56) \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 57} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (57) \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 58} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (58) \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 59} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (59) \\\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 60} \rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {F\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (60)\end{matrix}$

Then, z₁(i) obtained in FIGS. 9 to 17, z₁(i) of equation (56), z₁(i) ofequation (57), z₁(i) of equation (58), z₁(i) of equation (59) or z₁(i)of equation (60) corresponds to 113_1 in FIG. 1, and z₂(i) obtained inFIGS. 9 to 17, z₂(i) of equation (56), z₂(i) of equation (57), z₂(i) ofequation (58), z₂(i) of equation (59) or z₂(i) of equation (60)corresponds to 113_2 in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 18A to 22B illustrate examples of a method for arranging z₁(i) andz₂(i) generated in FIGS. 9 to 17.

FIG. 18A illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and FIG. 18Billustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of FIGS. 18A and 18B,a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency.

FIG. 18A will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2), z₁(3), . .. corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2, and-   . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in FIG. 18B,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2, and-   . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIGS. 18A and 18B areexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the frequency axis direction.

FIG. 19A illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and FIG. 19Billustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of FIGS. 19A and 19B,a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency.

FIG. 19A will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2), z₁(3), . .. corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 7 and time 1,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 8 and time 2, and-   . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in FIG. 19B,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 7 and time 1,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 8 and time 2, and-   . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIGS. 19A and 19B areexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are randomly arrangedin the frequency axis and time axis directions.

FIG. 20A illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and FIG. 20Billustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of FIGS. 20A and 20B,a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency.

FIG. 20A will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2), z₁(3),corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 2, and-   . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in FIG. 20B,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 2, and-   . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIGS. 20A and 20B areexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the frequency axis direction.

FIG. 21A illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and FIG. 21Billustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of FIGS. 21A and 21B,a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency.

FIG. 21A will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2), z₁(3),corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3, and-   . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in FIG. 21B,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3, and-   . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIGS. 21A and 21B areexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are arranged in thetime and frequency axis directions.

FIG. 22A illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and FIG. 22Billustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of FIGS. 22A and 22B,a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency.

FIG. 22A will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2), z₁(3),corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 3,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 4,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 1, and-   . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in FIG. 22B,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 3,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 4,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 1, and-   . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIGS. 22A and 22B areexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the time axis direction.

The transmitting apparatus may arrange symbols by any method of themethods in FIGS. 18A to 22B and symbol arranging methods other than themethods in FIGS. 18A to 22B. FIGS. 18A to 22B are only examples ofsymbol arrangement.

FIG. 23 is a configuration example of a receiving apparatus (terminal)which receives a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 23, OFDM method related processor 2303_X receives an input ofreceived signal 2302_X received at antenna 2301_X. OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_X performs reception side signal processing for the OFDMmethod. OFDM method related processor 2303_X outputs signal 2304_Xobtained after the signal processing. Similarly, OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_Y receives an input of received signal 2302_Y received atantenna 2301_Y. OFDM method related processor 2303_Y performs receptionside signal processing for the OFDM method. OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_Y outputs signal 2304_Y obtained after the signalprocessing.

First preamble detector/decoder 2311 receives an input of signals 2304_Xand 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing. First preambledetector/decoder 2311 performs signal detection and time-frequencysynchronization by detecting a first preamble, and simultaneouslyobtains control information contained in the first preamble byperforming demodulation and error correction decoding and outputs firstpreamble control information 2312.

Second preamble demodulator 2313 receives an input of signals 2304_X and2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and first preamble controlinformation 2312. Second preamble demodulator 2313 performs signalprocessing based on first preamble control information 2312. Secondpreamble demodulator 2313 performs demodulation including errorcorrection decoding. Second preamble demodulator 2313 outputs secondpreamble control information 2314.

Control information generator 2315 receives an input of first preamblecontrol information 2312, and second preamble control information 2314.Control information generator 2315 bundles, for example, controlinformation related to a receiving operation and outputs the controlinformation as control signal 2316. Then, control signal 2316 is inputto each unit as illustrated in FIG. 23.

Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_1 receives aninput of signal 2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_1estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₁ and receivingantenna 2301_X by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2306_1.

Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_2 receives aninput of signal 2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_2estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₂ and receivingantenna 2301_X by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2306_2.

Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_1 receives aninput of signal 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_1estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₁ and receivingantenna 2301_Y by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2308_1.

Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_2 receives aninput of signal 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_2estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₂ and receivingantenna 2301_Y by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2308_2.

Signal processor 2309 receives an input of signals 2306_1, 2306_2,2308_1, 2308_2, 2304_X and 2304_Y, and control signal 2316. Signalprocessor 2309 performs demodulation and decoding processing based on atleast one piece of information of a transmitting method, a modulatingmethod, an error correction coding method, a coding rate of errorcorrection coding and a block size of an error correction code containedin control signal 2316. Signal processor 2309 outputs received data2310. In this case, other wave detection (demodulation) and decoding areperformed based on the above-described transmitting method.

Note that the receiving apparatus extracts a necessary symbol from thecontrol signal 2316, and performs demodulation including signaldemultiplexing and signal wave detection, and error correction decoding.Moreover, a configuration of the receiving apparatus is not limited tothis configuration.

As described above, there is an advantage that flexible videoinformation and flexible broadcast service can be provided to thereceiving apparatus (viewer) by enabling the transmitting apparatus toselect any frame configuration of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to6. Moreover, there are the advantages as described above in the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, respectively. Hence, the transmittingapparatus may use a single frame configuration of the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, and, in this case, it is possible toobtain the effect described above.

Moreover, when the transmitting apparatus selects any of the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, for example, when the transmittingapparatus is installed in a certain area, frame configurations may beswitched by setting any of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 whenthe transmitting apparatus is installed and regularly reviewing thesetting, or a method for selecting the frame configurations in FIGS. 2to 6 per frame transmission may be employed. As for a frameconfiguration selecting method, any selection may be performed.

Note that in the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, another symbolsuch as a pilot symbol and a null symbol (an in-phase component of thesymbol is zero, and a quadrature component is zero) may be inserted tothe first preamble. Similarly, a symbol such as a pilot symbol and anull symbol may be inserted to a second preamble. Moreover, a preambleis configured with the first preamble and the second preamble. However,the preamble configuration is not limited to this configuration. Thepreamble may be configured with the first preamble (first preamblegroup) alone or may be configured with two or more preambles (preamblegroups). Note that in regard to the preamble configuration, the samealso applies to frame configurations of other exemplary embodiments.

Then, the data symbol group is indicated in the frame configurations inFIGS. 2 to 6. However, another symbol such as a pilot symbol, a nullsymbol and a control information symbol may be inserted. Note that inthis regard, the same also applies to frame configurations of otherexemplary embodiments.

Moreover, another symbol such as a pilot symbol, a null symbol, acontrol information symbol and a data symbol may be inserted to thepilot symbol in FIG. 6. Note that in this regard, the same also appliesto frame configurations of other exemplary embodiments.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

The first exemplary embodiment describes the case where the transmittingapparatus selects any of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 oruses any of the frames in FIGS. 2 to 6. The present exemplary embodimentwill describe an example of the method for configuring the firstpreamble and the second preamble described in the first exemplaryembodiment, in the transmitting apparatus described in the firstexemplary embodiment.

As described in the first exemplary embodiment, the transmittingapparatus (FIG. 1) may incorporate “information related to a frameconfiguration” for transmitting information related to a frameconfiguration to the receiving apparatus (terminal) in the firstpreamble or the second preamble, to transmit the “information related tothe frame configuration.”

For example, in a case where the transmitting apparatus transmits amodulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 2 when three bitsof v0, v1 and v2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0,0) and transmits the “information related to the frame configuration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 3, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 4, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 0, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

The receiving apparatus can learn an outline of a frame configuration ofa modulated signal transmitted by the transmitting apparatus, from the“information related to the frame configuration.”

Further, the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) transmits controlinformation related to a method for transmitting each data symbol group,control information related to a method for modulating each data symbolgroup or a set of modulating methods, and control information related toa code length (block length) and a coding rate of an error correctioncode to be used in each data symbol group, and further transmitsinformation related to a method for configuring a data symbol group ineach frame configuration. An example of the method for configuring thesecontrol information will be described below.

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a method for transmitting data symbol group # j is a(j, 0)and a(j, 1).

In this case, when the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K)is of single stream transmission (SISO transmission/SIMO transmission),the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmitsa(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is of spacetime block codes or of space frequency block codes, that is, when themethod for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is of MISOtransmission, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0and transmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#1, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#2, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

Note that MIMO method #1 and MIMO method #2 are different methods andare any method of the above-described MIMO methods. Moreover, here, MIMOmethod #1 and MIMO method #2 are used. However, the MIMO method whichthe transmitting apparatus can select may be of one type or may be oftwo or more types.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsa(1, 0), a(1, 1), a(2, 0), a(2, 1), a(3, 0) and a(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a method for modulating data symbol group j is b(j, 0) andb(j, 1).

In this case, a definition described below is made. In a case where thetransmitting method is of single stream transmission (SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission), for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=0and a(K, 1)=0 are set in data symbol #(j=K),

when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets adata symbol modulating method to QPSK.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 256QAM.

In a case where the transmitting method is any of MISO transmission(space time block codes or space frequency block codes), MIMO method #1and MIMO method #2, for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=1 and a(K,1)=0, a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 or a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 are set in datasymbol #(j=K), when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmittingapparatus sets the data symbol modulating method to QPSK in stream 1 and16QAM in stream 2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 16QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

Note that the modulating method is not limited to the above-describedmodulating methods. For example, the modulating method may include amodulating method such as an APSK method, non-uniform QAM andnon-uniform mapping. The modulating method will be described in detailbelow.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsb(1, 0), b(1, 1), b(2, 0), b(2, 1), b(3, 0) and b(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a coding method of an error correction code of data symbolgroup # j is c(j, 0) and c(j, 1).

In this case, when an error correction coding method of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of an error correction code of A and a code length of a,the transmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmitsc(K, 0) and c(K, 1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of A and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofan error correction code of B and the code length of a, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of B and the code length of 13, thetransmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K,0) and c(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the error correction code is not limited to thetwo settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of error correction codes. The setting of the codelength is not limited to the two settings, and the transmittingapparatus only needs to be able to set two or more code lengths.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsc(1, 0), c(1, 1), c(2, 0), c(2, 1), c(3, 0) and c(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a coding rate of the error correction code of data symbolgroup # j is d(j, 0) and d(j, 1).

In this case, when the coding rate of the error correction code of datasymbol group #(j=K) is ½, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 andd(K, 1)=0 and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ⅔, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=0 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ¾, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 and d(K, 1)=1 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ⅘, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=1 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the coding rate of the error correction code isnot limited to the four settings, and the transmitting apparatus onlyneeds to be able to set one or more types of coding rates of the errorcorrection code.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsd(1, 0), d(1, 1), d(2, 0), d(2, 1), d(3, 0) and d(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, information related to anumber of symbols in a frame of data symbol group # j is e(j, 0) ande(j, 1).

In this case, when the number of symbols in the frame of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of 256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K,0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0 and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of symbols.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitse(1, 0), e(1, 1), e(2, 0), e(2, 1), e(3, 0) and e(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a method for transmitting data symbol group # jis a(j, 0) and a(j, 1).

In this case, when the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K)is of single stream transmission (SISO transmission or SIMOtransmission), the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0and transmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is of MISOtransmission (space time block codes or space frequency block codes),the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmitsa(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#1, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#2, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

Note that MIMO method #1 and MIMO method #2 are different methods andare any method of the above-described MIMO methods. Moreover, here, MIMOmethod #1 and MIMO method #2 are used. However, the MIMO method whichthe transmitting apparatus can select may be of one type or may be oftwo or more types.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsa(1, 0), a(1, 1), a(2, 0), a(2, 1), a(3, 0) and a(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a method for modulating data symbol group j isb(j, 0) and b(j, 1).

In this case, a definition described below is made. In a case where thetransmitting method is of single stream transmission (SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission), for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=0and a(K, 1)=0 are set in data symbol #(j=K), when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K,1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets a data symbol modulatingmethod to QPSK.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 256QAM.

In a case where the transmitting method is any of MISO transmission(space time block codes or space frequency block codes), MIMO method #1and MIMO method #2, for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=1 and a(K,1)=0, a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 or a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 are set in datasymbol #(j=K),

when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to QPSK in stream 1 and 16QAM in stream 2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 16QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

Note that the modulating method is not limited to the above-describedmodulating methods. For example, the modulating method may include amodulating method such as an APSK method, non-uniform QAM andnon-uniform mapping. The modulating method will be described in detailbelow.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsb(1, 0), b(1, 1), b(2, 0), b(2, 1), b(3, 0) and b(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a coding method of an error correction code ofdata symbol group # j is c(j, 0) and c(j, 1).

In this case, when an error correction coding method of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of an error correction code of A and a code length of a,the transmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmitsc(K, 0) and c(K, 1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of A and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofan error correction code of B and the code length of a, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of B and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

Note that the setting of the error correction code is not limited to thetwo settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of error correction codes. The setting of the codelength is not limited to the two settings, and the transmittingapparatus only needs to be able to set two or more code lengths.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsc(1, 0), c(1, 1), c(2, 0), c(2, 1), c(3, 0) and c(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a coding rate of the error correction code ofdata symbol group # j is d(j, 0) and d(j, 1).

In this case, when the coding rate of the error correction code of datasymbol group #(j=K) is ½, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 andd(K, 1)=0 and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ⅔, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=0 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ¾, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 and d(K, 1)=1 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is ⅘, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=1 andtransmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the coding rate of the error correction code isnot limited to the four settings, and the transmitting apparatus onlyneeds to be able to set two or more types of coding rates of the errorcorrection code.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsd(1, 0), d(1, 1), d(2, 0), d(2, 1), d(3, 0) and d(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmit (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 of the frames in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, this time interval can beset. Note that a unit time in the time interval in which there is themix of a plurality of data symbol groups may be referred to as an OFDMsymbol. Information related to this time interval is f(0) and f(1).

In this case, when this time interval is of 128 OFDM symbols, thetransmitting apparatus sets f(0)=0 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) andf(1).

When this time interval is of 256 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=1 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

When this time interval is of 512 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=0 and f(1)=1 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

When this time interval is of 1024 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=1 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

Note that the setting of the time interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the time intervals.

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is no other data symbol group in a certain timeinterval like data symbol group #3 in FIG. 4, 5 or 6, informationrelated to the number of symbols in a frame of data symbol group # j ise(j, 0) and e(j, 1). However, even in a case where there is no otherdata symbol group, for example, when there is data symbol group #4immediately after data symbol group #3, there may be a mix of datasymbols of data symbol group #3 and data symbols of data symbol group #4in a certain time interval at a portion at which data symbol group #3and data symbol group # are adjacent.

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset two or more types of the number of symbols.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since data symbol group #3 corresponds to theabove, the transmitting apparatus transmits e(3, 0) and e(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 of the frames in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, a number of carriers to beused by each data symbol group can be set.

In this case, information related to the number of carriers is g(0) andg(1). For example, a total number of carriers is of 512 carriers.

When the number of carriers of a first data symbol group is of 480carriers and the number of carriers of a second symbol group is of 32carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 448carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 64carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 384carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 128carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 256carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 256carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

Note that the setting of the number of carriers is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset two or more types of the number of carriers.

The case where there is a mix of two data symbol groups is describedwith reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 as an example of a case where there is amix of a plurality of data symbol groups in a certain time interval.However, there may be a mix of three or more data symbol groups. Thispoint will be described with reference to FIGS. 24, 25 and 26.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 4. Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 4 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 24 and will not bedescribed.

FIG. 24 illustrates data symbol group #1 2401, data symbol group #22402, and data symbol group #4 2403, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 5. Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 5 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 25 and will not bedescribed.

FIG. 25 illustrates data symbol group #1 2501, data symbol group #22502, and data symbol group #5 2503, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 6. Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 6 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 26 and will not bedescribed.

FIG. 26 illustrates data symbol group #1 2601, data symbol group #22602, and data symbol group #4 2603, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 may be able to select the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 24 to 26. Moreover, a frame configuration wherethere are four or more data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIGS. 4 to 6 and 24 to 26 may be employed.

FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIG. 25, the first preambleand the second preamble are inserted between the data symbol groupsubjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division.

However, symbols other than the first preamble and the second preamblemay be inserted. Then, in the example in FIG. 26, the pilot symbol isinserted between the data symbol group subjected to time division andthe data symbol group subjected to frequency division. However, symbolsother than the pilot symbol may be inserted.

Note that in a case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) transmitsa modulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 24 when thetransmitting apparatus incorporates “information related to a frameconfiguration” for transmitting information related to a frameconfiguration to the receiving apparatus (terminal) in the firstpreamble or the second preamble and transmits the “information relatedto the frame configuration,” for example, when three bits of v0, v1 andv2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (1,0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 25, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 26, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

Note that in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, a data symbol group may also be asymbol group based on the MIMO (transmitting) method and the MISO(transmitting) method (as a matter of course, the data symbol group maybe a symbol group of the SISO/SIMO methods.). In this case, at the sametime and the same (common) frequency, a plurality of streams (s1 and s2described below) is transmitted. In this case, at the same time and thesame (common) frequency, a plurality of modulated signals is transmittedfrom a plurality of (different) antennas.

Then, a case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 24, 25, or 26 is assumed, that is, it is assumedthat the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (1, 0, 1),(1, 1, 0) or (1, 1, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1, data symbol group#2 and data symbol group #4 of the frames in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, anumber of carriers to be used by each data symbol group can be set.

In this case, information related to the number of carriers is g(0) andg(1). For example, a total number of carriers is of 512 carriers.

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 448carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 32carriers and the number of carriers of a third symbol group is of 32carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 384carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 64carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 64carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 256carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 128carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 128carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 480carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 16carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 16carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

Note that the setting of the number of carriers is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of carriers.

Moreover, an effect of improvement in data transmission efficiency canbe obtained when in frames in which there is a mix of a “case wherethere is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in a first timeinterval” and a “case where there is only one data symbol group in asecond time interval” as in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 24, 25 and 26, thetransmitting apparatus can separately set a carrier interval (an FFTsize or a Fourier transform size) in the “case where there is the mix ofa plurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval,” and acarrier interval in the “case where there is only one data symbol groupin the second time interval.” This is because the carrier intervalappropriate in terms of data transmission efficiency in the “case wherethere is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the first timeinterval,” and the carrier interval appropriate in terms of datatransmission efficiency in the “case where there is only one data symbolgroup in the second time interval” are different.

Hence, control information related to a carrier interval related to the“case where there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in thefirst time interval” is ha(0) and ha(1).

In this case, when the carrier interval is 0.25 kHz, the transmittingapparatus sets ha(0)=0 and ha(1)=0, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 0.5 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=1 and ha(1)=0, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 1 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=0 and ha(1)=1, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 2 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=1 and ha(1)=1, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

Note that the setting of the carrier interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the carrier intervals.

Then, control information related to a carrier interval related to the“case where there is only one data symbol group in the second timeinterval” is hb(0) and hb(1).

In this case, when the carrier interval is 0.25 kHz, the transmittingapparatus sets hb(0)=0 and hb(1)=0, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 0.5 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=1 and hb(1)=0, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 1 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=0 and hb(1)=1, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 2 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=1 and hb(1)=1, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

Note that the setting of the carrier interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the carrier intervals.

Here, set values of the carrier interval selectable in any of the “casewhere there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the firsttime interval” and the “case where there is only one data symbol groupin the second time interval” are made the same such that the set valuesof the carrier interval in the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval” are 0.25kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz and the set values of the carrier intervalin the “case where there is only one data symbol group in the secondtime interval” are 0.25 kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz. However, a set ofset values selectable in the “case where there is the mix of a pluralityof data symbol groups in the first time interval” and a set of setvalues selectable in the “case where there is only one data symbol groupin the second time interval” may be different. For example, the setvalues of the carrier interval in the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval” may be 0.25kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz, and the set values of the carrierinterval in the “case where there is only one data symbol group in thesecond time interval” may be 0.125 kHz, 0.25 kHz, 0.5 kHz and 1 kHz.Note that the settable values are not limited to this example.

Note that there can be considered a method for transmitting controlinformation ha(0) and ha(1) related to the carrier interval related tothe “case where there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups inthe first time interval,” and control information hb(0) and hb(1)related to the carrier interval related to the “case where there is onlyone data symbol group in the second time interval” with any of the firstpreamble and the second preamble in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 24, 25 and 26.

For example, in FIGS. 4, 6, 24 and 26, there can be considered a methodfor transmitting control information ha(0) and ha(1) related to thecarrier interval related to the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval,” and controlinformation hb(0) and hb(1) related to the carrier interval related tothe “case where there is only one data symbol group in the second timeinterval” with first preamble 201 or second preamble 202.

In FIGS. 5 and 25, there can be considered a method for transmittingcontrol information ha(0) and ha(1) related to the carrier intervalrelated to the “case where there is the mix of a plurality of datasymbol groups in the first time interval” with first preamble 201 orsecond preamble 202, and transmitting control information hb(0) andhb(1) related to the carrier interval related to the “case where thereis only one data symbol group in the second time interval” with firstpreamble 501 or second preamble 502.

Moreover, as another method, in FIGS. 5 and 25, a method fortransmitting a plurality of times control information ha(0) and ha(1)related to the carrier interval related to the “case where there is themix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval,”and control information hb(0) and hb(1) related to the carrier intervalrelated to the “case where there is only one data symbol group in thesecond time interval,” such that ha(0) and ha(1), and hb(0) and hb(1)are transmitted with “first preamble 201 or second preamble 202” andwith “first preamble 501 or second preamble 502” may be employed. Inthis case, for example, the receiving apparatus which is to receive onlydata of data symbol group #1 and the receiving apparatus which is toreceive only data of data symbol group # can learn situations of allframes. Consequently, it is possible to easily and stably operate bothof the receiving apparatus.

As a matter of course, the receiving apparatus (for example, FIG. 23)which receives a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 receives the above-described control information,demodulates and decodes a data symbol group based on this controlinformation and obtains information.

As described above, the information described in the present exemplaryembodiment is transmitted as control information, and thus it ispossible to obtain an effect of enabling improvement in data receptionquality and improvement in data transmission efficiency and of enablingan accurate operation of the receiving apparatus.

Note that the frame configuration of a modulated signal transmitted bythe transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is described in the first exemplaryembodiment and the second exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS.3, 4, 5 and 6, but arrangement of data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 on the frequency axis in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 is not limited tothis arrangement, and for example, data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 may be arranged like data symbol group #1 (2701) and datasymbol group #2 (2702) in FIGS. 27, 28 and 29. Note that in each ofFIGS. 27, 28 and 29, a horizontal axis indicates time, and a verticalaxis indicates a frequency.

Then, a method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2)in the frame configuration in FIG. 5 and a method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) may be set with first preamble 201 and/or secondpreamble 202. A method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) maybe set with first preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and the method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) are of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #2 (402)are of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, andeither a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3(403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission,” and in the method for transmitting aplurality of data symbol groups present between the “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble” and the next “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmissionand SISO transmission/SIMO transmission and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.

When there is a mix of the SISO transmitting method/the SIMOtransmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/the MISOtransmitting method, a fluctuation of received field intensity increasesin the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is a possibility of aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently of deterioration in data reception quality.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method. When there is a mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method, there is a possibility that frequency ofinserting a pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus. Note that in the following description, the known symbol ishighly likely to need to be a PSK symbol.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol. Hence, inthe description subsequent to the present exemplary embodiment, whensecond pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol. Hence, inthe description subsequent to the present exemplary embodiment, whenfirst pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol, firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred to as apilot symbol.

Similarly, in the frame configuration in FIG. 25, a method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), a method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (2502) and a method for transmitting data symbol group#4 (2503) may be set with first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202,and a method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) may be set withfirst preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #1 (2501), the method for transmitting data symbol group #2(2502) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503) areof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), the method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (2502) and the method for transmittingdata symbol group #4 (2503) are of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission”may be selectable, and either a case where the “method for transmittingdata symbol group #3 (403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission”or a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403)is of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission,” and in the method for transmitting aplurality of data symbol groups present between the “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble” and the next “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmissionand SISO transmission/SIMO transmission and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.

When there is a mix of the SISO transmitting method/the SIMOtransmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/the MISOtransmitting method, a fluctuation of received field intensity increasesin the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is a possibility of aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD conversion, andconsequently of deterioration in data reception quality. However, theabove-described way increases a possibility that an effect ofsuppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement in datareception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method. When there is a mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method, there is a possibility that frequency ofinserting a pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Moreover, in the frame configuration in FIG. 6, a method fortransmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2), a method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (402) and a method for transmittingdata symbol group #3 (403) may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and the method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) are of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #2 (402)are of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, andeither a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3(403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMO transmission,” and there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission/SIMO transmission andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission/SIMOtransmission. Then, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbolgroups present between the “pilot symbol” and a next “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble” is of either “MIMO transmission orMISO transmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.” That is,there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission/SIMOtransmission, and there is no mix of MISO transmission and SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission. However, FIG. 6 does not illustrate the“set of the first preamble and the second preamble” next to the pilotsymbol.

When there is a mix of the SISO transmitting method/the SIMOtransmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/the MISOtransmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensity increasesin the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is a possibility of aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD conversion, andconsequently of deterioration in data reception quality. However, theabove-described way increases a possibility that an effect ofsuppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement in datareception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO/SIMOtransmitting methods and the MIMO/MISO transmitting methods. When thereis a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and the MIMO/MISOtransmitting methods, there is a possibility that frequency of insertinga pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Similarly, a method for transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501) in theframe configuration in FIG. 26, a method for transmitting data symbolgroup #2 (2502), a method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503)and a method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) may be set withfirst preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #1 (2501), the method for transmitting data symbol group #2(2502) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503) areof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), the method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (2502) and the method for transmittingdata symbol group #4 (2503) are of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission”may be selectable, and either a case where the “method for transmittingdata symbol group #3 (403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission”or a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403)is of SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.” Then, a methodfor transmitting a plurality of data symbol groups present between the“pilot symbol” and a next “set of the first preamble and the secondpreamble” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission.” However, FIG. 6 does not illustrate the“set of the first preamble and the second preamble” next to the pilotsymbol.

When there is a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and theMIMO/MISO transmitting methods, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is apossibility of a quantization error that is likely to occur during ADconversion, and consequently of deterioration in data reception quality.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement of data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method. When there is a mix of the SISO transmittingmethod/the SIMO transmitting method and the MIMO transmitting method/theMISO transmitting method, there is a possibility that frequency ofinserting a pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

The first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodimentdescribe the MIMO transmitting method using precoding and phase changefor transmitting a plurality of streams by using a plurality ofantennas, or the MIMO transmitting method which does not perform phasechange for transmitting a plurality of streams by using a plurality ofantennas and the MISO transmitting method using space time block codesor space frequency block codes for transmitting a plurality of streamsby using a plurality of antennas. An example of a method fortransmitting preambles in a case where it is considered that atransmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals by these transmittingmethods will be described.

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 includes antenna 126_1 and antenna126_2. In this case, as an antenna configuring method which is highlylikely to be easy to demultiplex two modulated signals to betransmitted, there is a method in which

“antenna 126_1 is a horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 isa vertical polarizing antenna,”or“antenna 126_1 is a vertical polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is ahorizontal polarizing antenna,”or“antenna 126_1 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna, andantenna 126_2 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna,”or“antenna 126_1 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna, and antenna 126_2 is a clockwise rotation round polarizationantenna.”Such an antenna configuring method will be referred to as a firstantenna configuring method.

Moreover, an antenna configuring method other than the first antennaconfiguring method will be referred to as a second antenna configuringmethod. Hence, examples of the second antenna configuring method includemethods in which

“antenna 126_1 is a horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 isa horizontal polarizing antenna,”and“antenna 126_1 is a vertical polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is avertical polarizing antenna,”and“antenna 126_1 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna, and antenna 126_2 is a counterclockwise rotation roundpolarization antenna,”and“antenna 126_1 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna, andantenna 126_2 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna.”

Each transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) is settable in the first antennaconfiguring method (for example, “antenna 126_1 is the horizontalpolarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is the vertical polarizingantenna” or “antenna 126_1 is the vertical polarizing antenna, andantenna 126_2 is the horizontal polarizing antenna”),

orin the second antenna configuring method (for example, “antenna 126_1 isthe horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is the horizontalpolarizing antenna” or “antenna 126_1 is the vertical polarizingantenna, and antenna 126_2 is the vertical polarizing antenna”). Forexample, in a broadcast system, any antenna configuring method of thefirst antenna configuring method and the second antenna configuringmethod is adopted depending on a place to install the transmittingapparatus (installation area).

In such an antenna configuring method, a method for configuring a firstpreamble and a second preamble in a case of the frame configuringmethods, for example, in FIGS. 2 to 6, and 24 to 26 will be described.

As with the second exemplary embodiment, the transmitting apparatustransmits control information related to the antenna configuring methodby using the first preamble. In this case, the information related tothe antenna configuring method is m(0) and m(1).

In this case, when in two transmitting antennas of the transmittingapparatus, a first transmitting antenna is a horizontal polarizingantenna that is, the first transmitting antenna transmits a horizontallypolarized first modulated signal, and a second transmitting antenna is ahorizontal polarizing antenna that is, the second transmitting antennatransmits a horizontally polarized second modulated signal, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(0)=0 and m(1)=0, and transmits m(0) andm(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a vertical polarizing antenna that is, thefirst transmitting antenna transmits a vertically polarized firstmodulated signal, and the second transmitting antenna is a verticalpolarizing antenna that is, the second transmitting antenna transmits avertically polarized second modulated signal, the transmitting apparatussets m(0)=1 and m(1)=0, and transmits m(0) and m(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a horizontal polarizing antenna and thesecond transmitting antenna is a vertical polarizing antenna, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(0)=0 and m(1)=1, and transmits m(0) andm(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a vertical polarizing antenna and thesecond transmitting antenna is a horizontal polarizing antenna, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(0)=1 and m(1)=1, and transmits m(0) andm(1).

Then, the transmitting apparatus transmits m(0) and m(1) with, forexample, the first preamble in the frame configuring method in FIGS. 2to 6 and 24 to 26. Consequently, a receiving apparatus receives thefirst preamble and demodulates and decodes the first preamble, and thusthe receiving apparatus can easily learn what polarized wave is used totransmit a modulated signal (for example, the second preamble and thedata symbol group) transmitted by the transmitting apparatus.Consequently, it is possible to accurately set an antenna (including useof a polarized wave) to be used by the receiving apparatus duringreception. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect of making itpossible to obtain a high reception gain (high reception fieldintensity). Moreover, there is also an advantage that it becomesunnecessary to perform signal processing for reception which has a smalleffect of obtaining a gain. Consequently, it is possible to obtain anadvantage that data reception quality improves.

The above describes the point that “there is also an advantage that itbecomes unnecessary to perform signal processing for reception which hasa small effect of obtaining a gain.” Supplemental description will bemade on this point.

A case where the transmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals onlywith horizontally polarized waves and the receiving apparatus includes ahorizontal polarizing receiving antenna and a vertical polarizingreceiving antenna will be discussed. In this case, the modulated signalstransmitted by the transmitting apparatus can be received at thehorizontal polarizing receiving antenna of the receiving apparatus.However, the vertical polarizing receiving antenna of the receivingapparatus has very small reception field intensity of the modulatedsignals transmitted by the transmitting apparatus.

Hence, in such a case, when power consumed by signal processing isconsidered, it is less necessary to perform an operation of performingsignal processing on received signals received at the verticalpolarizing receiving antenna of the receiving apparatus and obtainingdata.

In view of the above, it is necessary for the transmitting apparatus totransmit “control information related to an antenna configuring method,”and for the receiving apparatus to perform accurate control.

Next, a case where the transmitting apparatus includes two or morehorizontal polarizing antennas and does not necessarily include avertical polarizing antenna, or a case where the transmitting apparatusincludes two or more vertical polarizing antennas and does notnecessarily include horizontal polarizing antennas will be described.

<Case where Transmitting Apparatus Includes Two or More HorizontalPolarizing Antennas>

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream(the “transmitting a single stream” means using the SISO transmittingmethod or the SIMO transmitting method below), the transmittingapparatus transmits modulated signals from one or more horizontalpolarizing antennas. In consideration of this case, when thetransmitting apparatus transmits the first preamble including thecontrol information related to the antenna configuring method describedabove, from one or more horizontal polarizing antennas, the receivingapparatus can receive the first preamble including the controlinformation related to the antenna configuring method with a high gain,and, consequently, can obtain high data reception quality.

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

<Case where Transmitting Apparatus Includes Two or More VerticalPolarizing Antennas>

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream,the transmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals from one or morevertical polarizing antennas. In consideration of this case, when thetransmitting apparatus transmits the first preamble including thecontrol information related to the antenna configuring method describedabove, from one or more vertical polarizing antennas, the receivingapparatus can receive the first preamble including the controlinformation related to the antenna configuring method with a high gainand, consequently, can obtain high data reception quality.

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

Next, a case where the transmitting apparatus includes a horizontalpolarizing antenna and a vertical polarizing antenna will be described.

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream,it can be considered that the transmitting apparatus

a first method:transmits modulated signals from the horizontal polarizing antenna andthe vertical polarizing antenna,a second method:transmits modulated signals from the horizontal polarizing antenna, athird method:transmits modulated signals from the vertical polarizing antenna.

In this case, transmission from an antenna used for transmitting thefirst preamble including the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method described above is performed by the same method as ina case of transmission from an antenna used for transmitting a singlestream.

Hence, when modulated signals are transmitted by the first method intransmission of a single stream, the first preamble including thecontrol information related to the antenna configuring method istransmitted from the horizontal polarizing antenna and the verticalpolarizing antenna. When modulated signals are transmitted by the secondmethod, the first preamble including the control information related tothe antenna configuring method is transmitted from the horizontalpolarizing antenna. When modulated signals are transmitted by the thirdmethod, the first preamble including the control information related tothe antenna configuring method is transmitted from the verticalpolarizing antenna.

In this way, there is an advantage that the receiving apparatus canreceive the first preamble in the same way as in receiving data symbolgroups transmitted by the SISO method and it becomes unnecessary tochange a signal processing method according to a transmitting method.Note that it is also possible to obtain the above-described advantage.

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

As described above, the first preamble including the control informationrelated to the antenna configuring method is transmitted, and thus thereceiving apparatus can receive the first preamble with a high gain.Consequently, it is possible to obtain an effect of improvement in datasymbol group reception quality, and it is possible to obtain an effectof enabling improvement in power efficiency of the receiving apparatus.

Note that the case where the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method is contained in the first preamble is described aboveas an example, but even when the control information related to theantenna configuring method is not contained in the first preamble, it ispossible to obtain the same effect.

Then, the antenna used for transmitting the first preamble is highlylikely to be determined during installation or maintenance of thetransmitting apparatus, and a change in an antenna to be used during anoperation can also be made, but such a change is less likely to befrequently made during a practical operation.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

The example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is described in theabove-described exemplary embodiments. A frame configuration in amodulated signal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG.1 will be further described in the present exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 30 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 30 and will not be described. In FIG. 30, a verticalaxis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then,since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM methodis used, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axisfrequency.

FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #1 3001, data symbol group #2 3002and data symbol group #3 3003. There are data symbol group #1 (3001),data symbol group #2 (3002) and data symbol group #3 (3003) from time t1to time t2, and, at every time, there is a plurality of data symbolgroups.

Similarly, FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #4 3004, data symbolgroup #5 3005 and data symbol group #6 3006. There are data symbol group#4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006)from time t2 and time t3, and, at every time, there is a plurality ofdata symbol groups.

Then, FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #7 3007, data symbol group#8 3008 and data symbol group #9 3009. There are data symbol group #7(3007), data symbol group #8 (3008) and data symbol group #9 (3009) fromtime t3 to time t4, and, at every time, there is a plurality of datasymbol groups.

In this case, a number of carriers to be used in each data symbol groupcan be set. The number of symbol groups existing at every time is notlimited to three. There only need to be two or more symbol groups.

Note that a data symbol group may also be a symbol group based on theMIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmitting method as a matter ofcourse, the data symbol group may be a symbol group of the SISOtransmitting method/the SIMO transmitting method. In this case, at thesame time and the same (common) frequency, a plurality of streams (s1and s2 described below) is transmitted. In this case, at the same timeand the same (common) frequency, a plurality of modulated signals istransmitted from a plurality of (different) antennas. Then, this pointis not limited to FIG. 30, and the same also applies to FIGS. 31, 32,33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38.

Characteristic points in FIG. 30 are such that frequency division isperformed, and that there are two or more time sections in which thereis a plurality of data symbol groups. Consequently, there is an effectof enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality to existat the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 31 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 30 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 31 and will not be described. In FIG. 31, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as anOFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the verticalaxis frequency.

FIG. 31 illustrates data symbol group #10 3101 and data symbol group #113102, and there are data symbol group #10 (3101) and data symbol group#11 (3102) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

Characteristic points in FIG. 31 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 32 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 30 and 5 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 32 and will not be described. In FIG. 32, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

FIG. 32 illustrates data symbol group #7 3201 and data symbol group #83202, and there are data symbol group #7 (3201) and data symbol group #8(3202) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

A difference from FIG. 31 is that first preamble 501 and second preamble502 are arranged before data symbol group #7 (3201). In this case,control information related to data symbol groups #1 to #6 subjected tofrequency division is transmitted with first preamble 201 and/or secondpreamble 202 in FIG. 32. Note that the example of control information isdescribed in the second exemplary embodiment. Note that this point willbe described additionally. In the present exemplary embodiment, examplesof the control information include a number of carriers and a timeinterval which are necessary for each data symbol group, a method formodulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting each datasymbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used in eachdata symbol group.

Then, control information related to data symbol groups #7 and #8subjected to temporal division is transmitted by using first preamble501 and/or second preamble 502 in FIG. 32. Note that the example ofcontrol information is described in the second exemplary embodiment.Note that this point will be described additionally.

When the control information is transmitted in this way, it becomesunnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information for the datasymbol groups subjected to time division in first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202, and also it becomes unnecessary to incorporatededicated control information for data symbol groups subjected tofrequency division in first preamble 501 and second preamble 502, and itis possible to realize data transmission efficiency of controlinformation and simplification of control on control information of thereceiving apparatus.

Characteristic points in FIG. 32 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 33 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2, 30, 32 and 6 are assigned thesame reference numerals in FIG. 33 and will not be described. In FIG.33, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carriermethod such as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carrierson the vertical axis frequency.

FIG. 33 illustrates data symbol group #7 3201 and data symbol group #83202, and there are data symbol group #7 (3201) and data symbol group #8(3202) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

A difference between FIGS. 30 and 31 is that pilot symbol 601 isarranged before data symbol group #7 (3201). In this case, an advantagein a case of arranging pilot symbol 601 is as described in the firstexemplary embodiment.

Characteristic points in FIG. 33 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 34 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 34 and will not be described. In FIG. 34, a verticalaxis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then,since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier method such as an OFDMmethod is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axisfrequency.

FIG. 34 illustrates data symbol group #1 3401, data symbol group #23402, data symbol group #3 3403, data symbol group #4 3404, data symbolgroup #5 3405, data symbol group #6 3406, data symbol group #7 3407, anddata symbol group #8 3408.

In FIG. 34, a data symbol group is arranged on a frame by using afrequency division multiplexing method. Then, a difference of FIG. 34from FIGS. 30 to 33 is that there is flexibility in a setting of a timeinterval between respective data symbol groups.

For example, data symbol group #1 has symbols arranged from time t1 totime t2, and has a long time interval as compared to other data symbols.Data symbol groups other than data symbol group #1 also each have a timeinterval flexibly set.

Characteristic points in FIG. 34 are such that frequency division isperformed, and that time intervals of data symbol groups are flexiblyset. Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups ofdifferent data reception quality to exist at the same time, and ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriatelydefining data sections.

FIG. 35 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2 and 34 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 35 and will not be described. In FIG. 35, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

FIG. 35 illustrates data symbol group #9 3509, data symbol group #103510, data symbol group #11 3511 and data symbol group #12 3512.Frequency division is performed, and data symbol group #9, data symbolgroup #10, data symbol group #11, data symbol group #12 and data symbolgroup #13 are transmitted between time t2 and time t3. As compared totime t1 and time t2, characteristic points are such that a time intervalof data symbol group #9, a time interval of data symbol group #10, and atime interval of data symbol group #11 are equal, and a time interval ofdata symbol group #12, and a time interval of data symbol group #13 areequal.

FIG. 35 illustrates data symbol group #14 3514 and data symbol group #153515. Temporal division is performed, and data symbol group #14 and datasymbol group #15 are transmitted between time t3 and time t4.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

FIG. 36 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 36 and will not be described. In FIG. 36, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

A difference of FIG. 36 from FIG. 35 is that first preamble 501, secondpreamble 502, first preamble 3601 and second preamble 3602 are arranged.In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 and data symbol groups #9 to#13 are subjected to frequency division, and also data symbol groups #14and #15 are subjected to time division to be arranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

In this case, control information related to data symbol groups #1 to #8subjected to frequency division is transmitted with first preamble 201and/or second preamble 202 in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment. Note thatthis point will be described additionally.

Then, control information related to data symbol groups #9 to #13subjected to frequency division is transmitted with first preamble 501and/or second preamble 502 in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment. Note thatthis point will be described additionally.

Moreover, control information related to data symbol groups #14 and #15subjected to temporal division (for example, a number of symbols (or atime interval) which is necessary for each data symbol group, a methodfor modulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting eachdata symbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used ineach data symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble 3601 and/orsecond preamble 3602 in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment. Note thatthis point will be described additionally.

When the control information is transmitted in this way, it becomesunnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information for the datasymbol groups subjected to time division in first preamble 201, secondpreamble 202, first preamble 501 and second preamble 502, and also itbecomes unnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information fordata symbol groups subjected to frequency division in first preamble3601 and second preamble 3602, and it is possible to realize datatransmission efficiency of control information and simplification ofcontrol on control information of the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 37 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 37 and will not be described. In FIG. 37, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

A difference of FIG. 37 from FIGS. 35 and 36 is that pilot symbols 601and 3701 are arranged. In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 anddata symbol groups #9 to #13 are subjected to frequency division, andalso data symbol groups #14 and #15 are subjected to time division to bearranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections. Moreover, an effect in a case ofinserting a pilot symbol is as described in the first exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 38 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 38 and will not be described. In FIG. 38, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

A difference of FIG. 38 from FIGS. 35, 36 and 37 is that the “firstpreamble and the second preamble” or “pilot symbols” 3801 and 3802 arearranged. In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 and data symbolgroups #9 to #13 are subjected to frequency division, and also datasymbol groups #14 and #15 are subjected to time division to be arranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

Then, as illustrated in FIG. 38, the “first preamble and the secondpreamble” or “pilot symbols” 3801 and 3802 are inserted and, dependingon a situation, the “first preamble and the second preamble” or the“pilot symbols” are switched and used. The above-described switching maybe performed based on, for example, the transmitting method.

FIGS. 30 to 38 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIGS. 32 and 36, the firstpreamble and the second preamble are inserted between the data symbolgroup subjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division. However, symbols other than the first preamble andthe second preamble may be inserted. Moreover, in the example in FIGS.33 and 37, the pilot symbol is inserted between the data symbol groupsubjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division. However, symbols other than the pilot symbol may beinserted.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the examples of the frameconfiguration of the modulated signal to be transmitted by thetransmitting apparatus are described with reference to FIGS. 30 to 38.With reference to these figures, the above describes the point that“time division (temporal division) is performed.” However, when two datasymbol groups are connected, there is a portion subjected to frequencydivision at a seam portion. This point will be described with referenceto FIG. 39.

FIG. 39 illustrates symbol 3901 of data symbol group #1 and symbol 3902of data symbol group #2. As illustrated at time t0 in FIG. 39, thesymbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. In this case, thesymbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged from carrier 5 at time to.Then, only a portion at time t0 is exceptionally subjected to frequencydivision. However, there is only the symbol of data symbol group #1before time t0, and there is only the symbol of data symbol group #2after time t0. At this point, time division is performed.

FIG. 40 illustrates another example. Note that the same referencenumerals as those in FIG. 39 are assigned. As illustrated at time t0 inFIG. 40, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. Then,as illustrated at time t1, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends withcarrier 5. Then, the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged fromcarrier 5 at time t0, and the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arrangedfrom carrier 6 at time t1. Then, portions at time t0 and time t1 areexceptionally subjected to frequency division. However, there is onlythe symbol of data symbol group #1 before time t0, and there is only thesymbol of data symbol #2 after time t1. At this point, time division isperformed.

As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40, there is a case where, except for theexceptional portions, there are time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #1 and at which there may bea pilot symbol or the like, and time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #2 and at which there may bea pilot symbol or the like. This case will be referred to as “timedivision is performed.” Hence, an exceptional time existing method isnot limited to FIGS. 39 and 40.

Moreover, the “time division is performed” is not limited to the presentexemplary embodiment, and the same interpretation also applies to theother exemplary embodiments.

As described in the first exemplary embodiment, the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 may select any frame configuration of the frameconfigurations described in the first exemplary embodiment to the thirdexemplary embodiment and the frame configuration described in thepresent exemplary embodiment, and may transmit a modulated signal. Anexample of the method for configuring control information of informationrelated to a frame configuration is as described in the first exemplaryembodiment.

Then, the receiving apparatus (for example, FIG. 23) which receives themodulated signal transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1receives the control information described in the first exemplaryembodiment, the second exemplary embodiment and the like, demodulatesand decodes a data symbol group based on this control information andobtains information. As a result, the information described herein istransmitted as control information, and thus it is possible to obtain aneffect of enabling improvement in data reception quality and improvementin data transmission efficiency and of enabling an accurate operation ofthe receiving apparatus.

The method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 in the frameconfiguration in FIG. 32 may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202. The method for transmitting data symbol groups #7and #8 may be set with first preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #6 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 isof SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either acase where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 isof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission,” and in the method for transmitting aplurality of data symbol groups present between the “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble” and the next “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmissionand SISO transmission/SIMO transmission and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.

When there is a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and theMIMO/MISO transmitting methods, a fluctuation of received fieldintensity increases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, thereis a possibility of a quantization error that is likely to occur duringAD conversion, and consequently of deterioration in data receptionquality. However, the above-described way increases a possibility thatan effect of suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon andimprovement in data reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO/SIMOtransmitting methods and the MIMO/MISO transmitting methods. When thereis a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and the MIMO/MISOtransmitting methods, there is a possibility that frequency of insertinga pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Similarly, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 inthe frame configuration in FIG. 36 may be set with first preamble 201and/or second preamble 202. The method for transmitting data symbolgroups #9 to #13 may be set with first preamble 501 and/or secondpreamble 502. The method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15may be set with first preamble 3601 and/or second preamble 3602.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #8 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 isof SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either acase where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 isof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either a casewhere the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is ofMIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “method fortransmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is of SISO transmission/SIMOtransmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission,” and in the method for transmitting aplurality of data symbol groups present between the “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble” and the next “set of the firstpreamble and the second preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmissionand SISO transmission/SIMO transmission and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.

When there is a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and theMIMO/MISO transmitting methods, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is apossibility of a quantization error that is likely to occur during ADconversion, and consequently of deterioration in data reception quality.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO/SIMOtransmitting methods and the MIMO/MISO transmitting methods. When thereis a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and the MIMO/MISOtransmitting methods, there is a possibility that frequency of insertinga pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Moreover, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 in theframe configuration in FIG. 33 may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #6 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 isof SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either acase where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 isof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.” Then, a methodfor transmitting a plurality of data symbol groups present between the“pilot symbol” and a next “set of the first preamble and the secondpreamble” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission.” However, FIG. 33 does not illustratethe “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” next to thepilot symbol.

When there is a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and theMIMO/MISO transmitting methods, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is apossibility of a quantization error that is likely to occur during ADconversion, and consequently of deterioration in data reception quality.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO/SIMOtransmitting methods and the MIMO/MISO transmitting methods. When thereis a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and the MIMO/MISOtransmitting methods, there is a possibility that frequency of insertinga pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Similarly, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #15 inthe frame configuration in FIG. 37 may be set with first preamble 201and/or second preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #8 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 isof SISO transmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either acase where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 isof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 is of SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission” may be selectable, and either a casewhere the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is ofMIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “method fortransmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is of SISO transmission/SIMOtransmission” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMO transmission.” Then, a methodfor transmitting a plurality of data symbol groups present between the“pilot symbol” and a next “set of the first preamble and the secondpreamble” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISOtransmission/SIMO transmission.” However, FIG. 37 does not illustratethe “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” next to thepilot symbol.

Moreover, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “pilot symbol” and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMOtransmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission/SIMOtransmission.”

When there is a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and theMIMO/MISO transmitting methods, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is apossibility of a quantization error that is likely to occur during ADconversion, and consequently of deterioration in data reception quality.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency. This is because there is no mix of the SISO/SIMOtransmitting methods and the MIMO/MISO transmitting methods. When thereis a mix of the SISO/SIMO transmitting methods and the MIMO/MISOtransmitting methods, there is a possibility that frequency of insertinga pilot symbol become excessive and that the data transmissionefficiency decrease. Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK symbol known in the transmitting apparatus and the receivingapparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol.

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

The frame of a modulated signal to be transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 is described in the fourth exemplary embodiment withreference to FIGS. 30 to 38. In each of FIGS. 30 to 38, the frame isconfigured in a case where a data symbol group is subjected to frequencydivision and in a case where a data symbol group is subjected to timedivision. In this case, it is necessary to accurately transmit frequencyresources (carriers) and time resources to be used by each data symbolgroup to a receiving apparatus.

In the present exemplary embodiment, an example of a method forconfiguring control information related to a frequency (frequencyresources) and time (time resources) to be used by each data symbolgroup in a case of the frame configurations in FIGS. 30 to 38 will bedescribed. Note that the frame configurations in FIGS. 30 to 38 are onlyexamples, and detailed requirements of frame configurations are asdescribed in the fourth exemplary embodiment.

<Case where Frequency Division is Performed>

An example of a method for generating control information related tofrequency resources and time resources to be used by each data symbolgroup in a case where frequency division is performed will be described.

FIG. 43 illustrates an example in a case where a data symbol group issubjected to frequency division in a frame of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. In FIG. 43, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Note that as with the first exemplary embodiment to the fourthexemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may be of symbols of anymethod of an SISO method/an SIMO method, an MIMO method and an MISOmethod.

In FIG. 43, data symbol group #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier1 to carrier 5 and by using time 1 to time 16. However, a first index ofa carrier is assumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier1,” and also a first index of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is notlimited to “time 1.”

Data symbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier9 and by using time 1 to time 5.

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 10 tocarrier 14 and by using time 1 to time 16.

Data symbol group #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier9 and by using time 6 to time 12.

Data symbol group #5 (4305) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier9 and by using time 13 to time 16.

First Example

An example of control information related to a frequency and time to beused by each data symbol group in this case will be described.

Control information related to a default position of a carrier to beused by data symbol group # j is ma, 0), m(j, 1), m(j, 2) and ma, 3),

control information related to a number of carriers to be used by datasymbol group # j is n(j, 0), n(j, 1), n(j, 2) and n(j, 3),

control information related to a default position of time to be used bydata symbol group # j is o(j, 0), o(j, 1), o(j, 2) and o(j, 3), and

control information related to a number of pieces of time to be used bydata symbol group # j is p(j, 0), p(j, 1), p(j, 2) and p(j, 3).

In this case, when a default position of a carrier to be used by datasymbol group #(j=K) is “carrier 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K,0)=0, m(K, 1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K,1), m(K, 2) and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 2,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 3,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 4,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 6,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 7,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 8,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 10,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 11,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 12,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 14,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 15,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 16,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When a number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of 1carrier, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K, 2)=0and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of2 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of3 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of4 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of5 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of6 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of7 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of8 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of9 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is,of 10 carriers the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0,n(K, 2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) andn(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is,of 11 carriers the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1,n(K, 2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) andn(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of12 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of13 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of14 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of15 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of16 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When a default position of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is “time 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K, 1)=0, o(K,2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2) and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 2,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 3,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 4,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 6,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 7,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 8,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 10,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 11,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 12,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 14,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 15,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 16,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 1, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 2, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 3, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 5, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 6, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 7, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 9, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 10, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 11, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 13, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 14, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 15, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

Next, data symbol group #3 will be described as an example.

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 10 tocarrier 14 and by using time 1 to time 16.

As a result, a default position of a carrier is carrier 10. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(3, 0)=1, m(3, 1)=0, m(3, 2)=0 and m(3,3)=1, and transmits m(3, 0), m(3, 1), m(3, 2) and m(3, 3).

Moreover, a number of carriers to be used is 5. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets n(3, 0)=0, n(3, 1)=0, n(3, 2)=1 and n(3, 3)=0, andtransmits n(3, 0), n(3, 1), n(3, 2) and n(3, 3).

A default position of time is time 1. Hence, the transmitting apparatussets o(3, 0)=0, o(3, 1)=0, o(3, 2)=0 and o(3, 3)=0, and transmits o(3,0), o(3, 1), o(3, 2) and o(3, 3).

Moreover, a number of pieces of time to be used is 16. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets p(3, 0)=1, p(3, 1)=1, p(3, 2)=1 and p(3,3)=1, and transmits p(3, 0), p(3, 1), p(3, 2) and p(3, 3).

Second Example

FIG. 44 illustrates an example in a case where a data symbol group issubjected to frequency division in a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1.Elements common to those in FIG. 43 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 44. Moreover, in FIG. 44, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fourth exemplary embodiment, a datasymbol group may be of symbols of any method of an SISO method/an SIMOmethod, an MIMO method and an MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 44 from FIG. 43 is that each data symbol group has,for example, a number of carriers of 4×A (A is an integer equal to ormore than 1) and the number of carriers to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 except 0, and each data symbol group has anumber of pieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or morethan 1) and the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 except 0. However, the number of carriers to beused by each data symbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4, andmay be a multiple of C (C is an integer equal to or more than 2) except0. Moreover, the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple of D (Dis an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0.

In FIG. 44, data symbol group #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier1 to carrier 8 (8 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by usingtime 1 to time 16 (the number of pieces of time is 16 which is amultiple of 4). However, a first index of a carrier is assumed to be“carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,” and also a first index oftime is assumed to be “time 1” but is not limited to “time 1.”

Data symbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier12 (4 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by using time 1 to time4 (the number of pieces of time is 4 which is a multiple of 4).

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 13 tocarrier 16 (4 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by using time 1to time 16 (the number of pieces of time is 16 which is a multiple of4).

Data symbol group #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier12 (4 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by using time 5 to time12 (the number of pieces of time is 8 which is a multiple of 4).

Data symbol group #5 (4305) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier12 (4 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by using time 13 totime 16 (the number of pieces of time is 4 which is a multiple of 4).

When each data symbol group is allocated to a frame according to suchrules, it is possible to reduce

-   -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the default position of the carrier to be used by        data symbol group # j,”    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the number of carriers to be used by data symbol        group # j,”    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the default position of the time to be used by data        symbol group # j,” and    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the number of pieces of time to be used by data        symbol group # j,” and        it is possible to improve data (information) transmission        efficiency.

In this case, it is possible to define the control information asfollows.

The control information related to the default position of the carrierto be used by data symbol group # j is m(j, 0) and m(j, 1),

the control information related to the number of carriers to be used bydata symbol group # j is n(j, 0) and n(j, 1),the control information related to the default position of the time tobe used by data symbol group # j is o(j, 0) and o(j, 1), andthe control information related to the number of pieces of time to beused by data symbol group # j is p(j, 0) and p(j, 1).

In this case, when a default position of a carrier to be used by datasymbol group #(j=K) is “carrier 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K,0)=0 and m(K, 1)=0, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1 andm(K, 1)=0, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0 andm(K, 1)=1, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1 andm(K, 1)=1, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When a number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of 4carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0 and n(K, 1)=0, andtransmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of8 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1 and n(K, 1)=0, andtransmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of12 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0 and n(K, 1)=1,and transmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of16 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1 and n(K, 1)=1,and transmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When a default position of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is “time 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0 and o(K, 1)=0,and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1 and o(K,1)=0, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0 and o(K,1)=1, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1 and o(K,1)=1, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0 and p(K, 1)=0, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1 and p(K, 1)=0, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0 and p(K, 1)=1, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1 and p(K, 1)=1, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

Next, data symbol group #4 will be described as an example.

Data symbol group #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier12 (4 carriers which are of a multiple of 4) and by using time 5 to time12 (the number of pieces of time is 8 which is a multiple of 4).

As a result, a default position of a carrier is carrier 9. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(3, 0)=0 and m(3, 1)=1, and transmits m(3,0) and m(3, 1).

Moreover, a number of carriers to be used is 4. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets n(3, 0)=0 and n(3, 1)=0, and transmits n(3, 0) and n(3,1).

A default position of time is time 5. Hence, the transmitting apparatussets o(3, 0)=1 and o(3, 1)=0, and transmits o(3, 0) and o(3, 1).

Moreover, a number of pieces of time to be used is 8. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets p(3, 0)=1 and p(3, 1)=0, and transmits p(3,0) and p(3, 1).

Third Example

A control information transmitting method which is different from thecontrol information transmitting method of the second example when aframe configuration of a modulated signal to be transmitted by thetransmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a configuration in FIG. 44 will bedescribed.

In FIG. 44, each data symbol group has, for example, a number ofcarriers of 4×A (A is an integer equal to or more than 1), that is, thenumber of carriers to be used by each data symbol group is a multiple of4 except 0, and each data symbol group has a number of pieces of time of4×B (B is a natural number equal to or more than 1), that is, the numberof pieces of time to be used by each data symbol group is a multiple of4 except 0. However, the number of carriers to be used by each datasymbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple ofC (C is an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0. Moreover, thenumber of pieces of time to be used by each data symbol group is notlimited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple of D (D is an integerequal to or more than 2) except 0.

Hence, area decomposition is performed as illustrated in FIG. 45. InFIG. 45, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, there are carrier 1 to carrier 16, and there aretime 1 to time 16 in accordance with FIG. 44. Note that in FIG. 45, eacharea is configured with an area of 4×4=16 symbols of 4 carriers in acarrier direction and 4 pieces of time in time direction. In a case ofgeneralization using C and D as described above, each area is configuredwith an area of C×D symbols of C carriers in the carrier direction and Dpieces of time in the time direction.

In FIG. 45, area 4400 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 1to time 4 is referred to as area #0.

Area 4401 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 1 to time 4 isreferred to as area #1.

Area 4402 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 1 to time 4is referred to as area #2.

Area 4403 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 1 to time 4is referred to as area #3.

Area 4404 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 5 to time 8 isreferred to as area #4.

Area 4405 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 5 to time 8 isreferred to as area #5.

Area 4406 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 5 to time 8is referred to as area #6.

Area 4407 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 5 to time 8is referred to as area #7.

Area 4408 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #8.

Area 4409 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #9.

Area 4410 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #10.

Area 4411 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #11.

Area 4412 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #12.

Area 4413 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #13.

Area 4414 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #14.

Area 4415 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 13 to time16 is referred to as area #15.

In this case, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits controlinformation as in an example described below, in order to transmitinformation of frequency and time resources being used by each datasymbol group to the receiving apparatus.

When data symbol group #1 in FIG. 44 is subjected to the areadecomposition as illustrated in FIG. 45, data (information) istransmitted by using area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404),area #5 (4405), area #8 (4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area#13 (4413). Hence, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits asdata symbol group #1 the control information indicating that

“area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404), area #5 (4405), area #8(4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area #13 (4413) are used.”In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404), area #5 (4405), area #8(4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area #13 (4413)).

Similarly, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbolgroup #2 in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #2 (4402) is used.”In this case, the control information includes information of the area(area #2 (4402)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #3in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #3 (4403), area #7 (4407), area #11 (4411) and area #15 (4415) areused.”In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #3 (4403), area #7 (4407), area #11 (4411) and area #15 (4415)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #4in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #6 (4406) and area #10 (4410) are used.”In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #6 (4406) and area #10 (4410)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #5in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #14 (4414) is used.”In this case, the control information includes information of the area(area #14 (4414)).

As described above, in <second example> and <third example> there is anadvantage that it is possible to transmit a small number of bits ofinformation of time and frequency resources being used.

Meanwhile, in <first example> there is an advantage that it is possibleto more flexibly allocate time and frequency resources to a data symbolgroup.

<Case where Time (Temporal) Division is Performed>

An example of generation of control information related to frequencyresources and time resources to be used by each data symbol group in acase where time division is performed will be described.

Fourth Example

Even in a case where time division is performed, control information istransmitted in the same way as a case where frequency division isperformed. Hence, the above-described <first example> is carried out.

Fifth Example

Even in a case where time division is performed, control information istransmitted in the same way as a case where frequency division isperformed. Hence, the above-described <second example> is carried out.

Sixth Example

Even in a case where time division is performed, control information istransmitted in the same way as a case where frequency division isperformed. Hence, the above-described <third example> is carried out.

Seventh Example

e(X, Y) described in the second exemplary embodiment is transmitted ascontrol information. That is, information related to a number of symbolsin a frame of data symbol group # j is e(j, 0) and e(j, 1).

In this case, for example,

when a number of symbols in a frame of data symbol group #(j=K) is of256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0 andtransmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of symbols.

Eighth Example

The transmitting apparatus transmits information of a number of piecesof time to be necessary for each data symbol, to the receivingapparatus, and the receiving apparatus obtains this information and thuscan learn frequency and time resources to be used by each data symbol.

For example, information related to a number of pieces of time to beused in a frame of data symbol group # j is q(j, 0), q(j, 1), q(j, 2)and q(j, 3).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 1, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 2, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 3, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 5, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 6, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 7, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 9, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 10, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 11, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 13, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 14, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 15, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

FIG. 46 illustrates an example where a data symbol group is subjected totime division in a frame of a modulated signal to be transmitted by thetransmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. In FIG. 46, a vertical axis indicatesa frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fourth exemplary embodiment, a datasymbol group may be of symbols of any method of an SISO method/an SIMOmethod, an MIMO method and an MISO method.

In FIG. 46, data symbol group #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier1 to carrier 16 and by using time 1 to time 4. That is, data symbolgroup #1 (4301) is transmitted by using all carriers which can beallocated as data symbols. Note that when there are carriers forarranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmitting controlinformation, such carriers are excluded. However, a first index of acarrier is assumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,”and also a first index of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is notlimited to “time 1.”

Data symbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier16 and by using time 5 to time 12. That is, data symbol group #2 (4302)is transmitted by using all carriers which can be allocated as datasymbols. Note that when there are carriers for arranging a pilot symboland carriers for transmitting control information, such carriers areexcluded.

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier16 and by using time 13 to time 16. That is, data symbol group #3 (4303)is transmitted by using all carriers which can be allocated as datasymbols. Note that when there are carriers for arranging a pilot symboland carriers for transmitting control information, such carriers areexcluded.

For example, data symbol group #2 is transmitted by using time 5 to time12, that is, a number of pieces of time is 8. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets q(2, 0)=1, q(2, 1)=1, q(2, 2)=1, and q(2, 3)=0, andtransmits q(2, 0), q(2, 1), q(2, 2) and q(2, 3).

Control information may also be generated for data symbol group #1 anddata symbol #3 in the same way, and the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1transmits q(1, 0), q(1, 1), q(1, 2) and q(1, 3), and q(2, 0), q(2, 1),q(2, 2) and q(2, 3), and q(3, 0), q(3, 1), q(3, 2) and q(3, 3).

The receiving apparatus in FIG. 23 receives q(1, 0), q(1, 1), q(1, 2)and q(1, 3), and q(2, 0), q(2, 1), q(2, 2) and q(2, 3), and q(3, 0),q(3, 1), q(3, 2) and q(3, 3), and learns frequency and time resourcesbeing used by data symbol groups. In this case, when it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus sharearrangement, for example, such that “data symbol group #1 is temporarilyarranged first, and subsequently, data symbol group #2, data symbolgroup #3, data symbol group #4, data symbol group #5, . . . ” arearranged, the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus canlearn frequency and time resources being used by each data symbol groupfrom learning a number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup. It becomes unnecessary for the transmitting apparatus to transmitinformation of the first time at which each data symbol group isarranged. Consequently, data transmission efficiency improves.

Ninth Example

Unlike <eighth example>, each data symbol group has, for example, anumber of pieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or morethan 1), that is, the number of pieces of time to be used by each datasymbol group is a multiple of 4 except 0. However, the number of piecesof time to be used by each data symbol group is not limited to amultiple of 4, and may be a multiple of D (D is an integer equal to ormore than 2) except 0.

In FIG. 46, data symbol group #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier1 to carrier 16 and by using time 1 to time 4 (the number of pieces oftime is 4 which is a multiple of 4). However, a first index of a carrieris assumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,” and alsoa first index of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is not limited to“time 1.” That is, data symbol group #1 (4301) is transmitted by usingall carriers which can be allocated as data symbols. Note that whenthere are carriers for arranging pilot symbols and carriers fortransmitting control information, such carriers are excluded.

Data symbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier16 and by using time 5 to time 12 (the number of pieces of time is 8which is a multiple of 4). That is, data symbol group #2 (4302) istransmitted by using all carriers which can be allocated as datasymbols. Note that when there are carriers for arranging pilot symbolsand carriers for transmitting control information, such carriers areexcluded.

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier16 and by using time 13 to time 16 (the number of pieces of time is 8which is a multiple of 4). That is, data symbol group #3 (4303) istransmitted by using all carriers which can be allocated as datasymbols. When there are carriers for arranging pilot symbols andcarriers for transmitting control information, such carriers areexcluded.

When each data symbol group is allocated to a frame according to suchrules, it is possible to reduce

-   -   a number of bits of the above-described “information related to        the number of pieces of time to be used in the frame of data        symbol group # j,” and        it is possible to improve data (information) transmission        efficiency.

In this case, it is possible to define the control information asfollows.

The information related to the number of pieces of time to be used inthe frame of data symbol group # j is q(j, 0) and q(j, 1).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0 and q(K, 1)=0, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1 and q(K, 1)=0, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0 and q(K, 1)=1, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1 and q(K, 1)=1, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

For example, data symbol group #2 in FIG. 46 is transmitted by usingtime 5 to time 12, that is, the number of pieces of time is 8. Hence,the transmitting apparatus sets q(2, 0)=1 and q(2, 1)=0, and transmitsq(2, 0) and q(2, 1).

Control information may also be generated for data symbol group #1 anddata symbol #3 in the same way, and the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1transmits q(1, 0) and q(1, 1), and q(2, 0) and q(2, 1), and q(3, 0) andq(3, 1).

The receiving apparatus in FIG. 23 receives q(1, 0) and q(1, 1), andq(2, 0) and q(2, 1), and q(3, 0) and q(3, 1), and learns frequency andtime resources being used by data symbol groups. In this case, when itis assumed that the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatusshare arrangement, for example, such that “data symbol group #1 istemporarily arranged first, and subsequently, data symbol group #2, datasymbol group #3, data symbol group #4, data symbol group #5, . . . ” arearranged, the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus canlearn frequency and time resources being used by each data symbol groupfrom learning the number of pieces of time to be used by each datasymbol group. It becomes unnecessary for the transmitting apparatus totransmit information of the first time at which each data symbol groupis arranged. Consequently, data transmission efficiency improves.

Tenth Example

Unlike <eighth example>, each data symbol group has, for example, anumber of pieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or morethan 1), and the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 except 0 (the same as in <ninth example>applies.). However, the number of pieces of time to be used by each datasymbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple ofD (D is an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0.

Hence, area decomposition is performed as illustrated in FIG. 47. InFIG. 47, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, there are carrier 1 to carrier 16, and there aretime 1 to time 16 in accordance with FIG. 46. Note that in FIG. 47, eacharea is configured with an area of 16×4=64 symbols of 16 carriers in acarrier direction, and 4 pieces of time in a time direction. In a caseof generalization using C and D as described above, each area isconfigured with an area of C×D symbols of C carriers in the carrierdirection and D pieces of time in the time direction.

In FIG. 47, area 4700 configured with time 1 to time 4 is referred to asarea #0.

Area 4701 configured with time 5 to time 8 is referred to as area #1.

Area 4702 configured with time 9 to time 12 is referred to as area #2.

Area 4703 configured with time 13 to time 16 is referred to as area #3.

In this case, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits controlinformation as in an example described below, in order to transmitinformation of frequency and time resources being used by each datasymbol group to the receiving apparatus.

When data symbol group #1 in FIG. 46 is subjected to the areadecomposition as in FIG. 47, data (information) is transmitted by usingarea #0 (4700). Hence, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits asdata symbol group #1 the control information indicating that “area #0(4700) is used.” In this case, the control information includesinformation of the area (area #0 (4700)).

Similarly, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbolgroup #2 in FIG. 46 the control information indicating that “area #1(4701) and area #2 (4702) are used.” In this case, the controlinformation includes information of the areas (area #1 (4701) and area#2 (4702)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #3in FIG. 46 the control information indicating that “area #3 (4703) isused.” In this case, the control information includes information of thearea (area #3 (4703)).

The control information during time division is described in <fourthexample> to <tenth example>. For example, when <fourth example>, <fifthexample> and <sixth example> are used, the control information offrequency division and the control information during time division canbe configured in the same way.

Meanwhile, in a case of <seventh example> to <tenth example>, thetransmitting apparatus transmits “control information related to use oftime and frequency resources during frequency division, and controlinformation related to use of time and frequency resources during timedivision” having different configurations, by using the first preambleand/or the second preamble.

Note that for example, in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 5,first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202 include controlinformation related to use of time and frequency resources duringfrequency division, and a configuration may be made such that firstpreamble 501 and/or second preamble 502 include control informationrelated to use of time and frequency resources during time division.

Similarly, in a case of the frame configuration in FIGS. 25, 28 and 32,first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202 include controlinformation related to use of time and frequency resources duringfrequency division, and a configuration may be made such that firstpreamble 501 and/or second preamble 502 include control informationrelated to use of time and frequency resources during time division.

Moreover, in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 36, firstpreambles 201 and 501 and/or second preambles 202 and 502 includecontrol information related to use of time and frequency resourcesduring frequency division, and a configuration may be made such thatfirst preamble 3601 and/or second preamble 3602 include controlinformation related to use of time and frequency resources during timedivision.

As described above, in <fifth example> <sixth example>, <ninth example>and <tenth example>, there is an advantage that it is possible totransmit a small number of bits of information of time and frequencyresources being used.

Meanwhile, in <fourth example>, <seventh example> and <eighth example>,there is an advantage that it is possible to more flexibly allocate timeand frequency resources to a data symbol group.

As in the examples described above, the transmitting apparatus transmitsthe control information related to use of the time and frequencyresources during frequency division and the control information relatedto use of the time and frequency resources during time division, andthus the receiving apparatus can learn a use status of the time andfrequency resources of data symbol groups and can accurately demodulateand decode data.

Sixth Exemplary Embodiment

Some examples of a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 are described in thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment. A frameconfiguration different from the frame configurations described in thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment will bedescribed in the present exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1.Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 5 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 48. Moreover, in FIG. 48, a vertical axisindicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Note thatas with the first exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplaryembodiment, a data symbol group may be of symbols of any of an SISOmethod/an SIMO method, an MIMO method and an MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 48 from FIG. 5 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 5 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission MultiplexingConfiguration Control)) are arranged on data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and401_2) and data symbol group #2 (402) in a frequency direction. Notethat the control information symbols include, for example, a symbol forframe synchronization, frequency synchronization and timesynchronization, a symbol for notifying of frequency and time resourcesto be used by each data symbol group described in the fifth exemplaryembodiment, information related to a modulating method for generating adata symbol group, and information related to an error correction methodfor generating a data symbol group (for example, information related toa code, information related to a code length and information related toa coding rate).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on datasymbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and data symbol group #2 (402) in afrequency direction.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups # X 4901, 4902and 4903 and, in a case of FIG. 48, X is 1 or 2, and FIG. 49 illustratescontrol information symbols 4904 and 4905 (for example, TMCC).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols 4904 and 4905 arearranged on certain specific carriers (subcarriers or a frequency). Notethat these specific carriers may include or may not include symbolsother than the control information symbols.

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #2.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 48 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency and time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 48 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 5, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate and decode data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 andto obtain information. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs toobtain a modulated signal of a frequency band for receiving firstpreamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enabling demodulation anddecoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency band occupied bydata symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexible terminaldesign, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 48, it ispossible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 48, control information symbols(for example, TMCC) are inserted to data symbol group #2 in thefrequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus can demodulate and decode data symbol group #2 byobtaining modulated signals of the frequency band of only data symbolgroup #2. Hence, flexible terminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 50 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 25 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.50. Moreover, in FIG. 50, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method/an SIMO method, an MIMO method andan MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 50 from FIG. 25 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 25 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on data symbolgroup #1 (2501), data symbol group #2 (2502) and data symbol group #4(2503) in a frequency direction. Note that the control informationsymbols include, for example, a symbol for frame synchronization,frequency synchronization and time synchronization, a symbol fornotifying of frequency and time resources to be used by each data symbolgroup described in the fifth exemplary embodiment, information relatedto a modulating method for generating a data symbol group, andinformation related to an error correction method for generating a datasymbol group (for example, information related to a code, informationrelated to a code length and information related to a coding rate).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on datasymbol group #1 (2501), data symbol group #2 (2502) and data symbolgroup #4 (2503) in a frequency direction.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups # X 4901, 4902and 4903 and, in a case of FIG. 50, X is 1, 2 or 4, and FIG. 49illustrates control information symbols 4904 and 4905 (for example,TMCC).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols 4904 and 4905 arearranged on certain specific carriers. Note that these specific carriersmay include or may not include symbols other than the controlinformation symbols.

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #2.

X=4 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, the controlinformation symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers of datasymbol group #4.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 50 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency and time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 50 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 25, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate and decode data symbol group #1, data symbol group #2 anddata symbol group #4 and to obtain information. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus needs to obtain a modulated signal of a frequencyband for receiving first preamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enabling demodulation anddecoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency band occupied bydata symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexible terminaldesign, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 50, it ispossible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 50, control information symbols(for example, TMCC) are inserted to data symbol group #2 in thefrequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus can demodulate and decode data symbol group #2 byobtaining modulated signals of the frequency band of only data symbolgroup #2. Hence, flexible terminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 51 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 28 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.51. Moreover, in FIG. 51, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method/an SIMO method, an MIMO method andan MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 51 from FIG. 28 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 28 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on data symbolgroup #1 (2701) and data symbol group #2 (2702) in a frequencydirection. Note that the control information symbols include, forexample, a symbol for frame synchronization, frequency synchronizationand time synchronization, a symbol for notifying of frequency and timeresources to be used by each data symbol group described in the fifthexemplary embodiment, information related to a modulating method forgenerating a data symbol group, and information related to an errorcorrection method for generating a data symbol group (for example,information related to a code, information related to a code length andinformation related to a coding rate).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on datasymbol group #1 (2701) and data symbol group #2 (2702) in a frequencydirection.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups # X 4901, 4902and 4903 and, in a case of FIG. 51, X is 1 or 2, and FIG. 49 illustratescontrol information symbols 4904 and 4905 (for example, TMCC).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols 4904 and 4905 arearranged on certain specific carriers. Note that these specific carriersmay include or may not include symbols other than the controlinformation symbols.

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers ofdata symbol group #2.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 51 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency and time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 51 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 28, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate and decode data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 andto obtain information. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs toobtain a modulated signal of a frequency band for receiving firstpreamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enabling demodulation anddecoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency band occupied bydata symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexible terminaldesign, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 51, it ispossible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 51, control information symbols(for example, TMCC) are inserted to data symbol group #2 in thefrequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus can demodulate and decode data symbol group #2 byobtaining modulated signals of the frequency band of only data symbolgroup #2. Hence, flexible terminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 52 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 32 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.52. Moreover, in FIG. 52, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method/an SIMO method, an MIMO method andan MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 52 from FIG. 32 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 32 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on data symbolgroup #1 (3001), data symbol group #2 (3002), data symbol group #3(3003), data symbol group #4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) anddata symbol group #6 (3006) in a frequency direction. Note that thecontrol information symbols include, for example, a symbol for framesynchronization, frequency synchronization and time synchronization, asymbol for notifying of frequency and time resources to be used by eachdata symbol group described in the fifth exemplary embodiment,information related to a modulating method for generating a data symbolgroup, and information related to an error correction method forgenerating a data symbol group (for example, information related to acode, information related to a code length and information related to acoding rate).

However, the control information symbols are not necessarily arranged onall of data symbol group #1 (3001), data symbol group #2 (3002), datasymbol group #3 (3003), data symbol group #4 (3004), data symbol group#5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006) in the frequency direction.This point will be described with reference to FIG. 53.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of arrangement of control informationsymbols at time t1 to time t3 in FIG. 52. In a case of FIG. 52, datasymbol groups 5301, 5302 and 5303 each include any of data symbol group#1 (3001), data symbol group #2 (3002), data symbol group #3 (3003),data symbol group #4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) and data symbolgroup #6 (3006).

FIG. 53 illustrates control information symbols 5304 and 5305, and thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged in afrequency direction. Control information symbol 5304 is arranged on aspecific carrier as illustrated in FIG. 53. Moreover, controlinformation symbol 5305 is arranged on a specific carrier as illustratedin FIG. 53. Note that this specific carrier may include or may notinclude symbols other than the control information symbols.

When there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in a case wherefrequency division is performed as in FIG. 52 to arrange controlinformation symbols in a frequency and time area in which a data symbolgroup is arranged, the control information symbols may be arranged onspecific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier #40, carrier#55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the control information symbols maybe arranged according to arrangement of data symbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 52 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 32, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate and decode data symbol group #1 (3001), data symbol group #2(3002), data symbol group #3 (3003), data symbol group #4 (3004), datasymbol group #5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006) and to obtaininformation. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs to obtain amodulated signal of a frequency band for receiving first preamble 201and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enabling demodulation anddecoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency band occupied bydata symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexible terminaldesign, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 52, it ispossible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 52, the control informationsymbols (for example, TMCC) are inserted to a data symbol group in thefrequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 53. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus can demodulate and decode data symbol group #2 byobtaining modulated signals of the frequency bands around data symbolgroup #2. Hence, flexible terminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 54 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 36 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.54. Moreover, in FIG. 54, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method/an SIMO method, an MIMO method andan MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 54 from FIG. 36 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202, and first preamble 501 and second preamble 502 inFIG. 36 do not exist. Then, the control information symbols (forexample, TMCC) are arranged on data symbol group #1 (3401), data symbolgroup #2 (3402), data symbol group #3 (3403), data symbol group #4(3404), data symbol group #5 (3405), data symbol group #6 (3406), datasymbol group #7 (3407), data symbol group #8 (3408), data symbol group#9 (3509), data symbol group #10 (3510), data symbol group #11 (3511),data symbol group #12 (3512), and data symbol group #13 (3513) in afrequency direction. Note that the control information symbols include,for example, a symbol for frame synchronization, frequencysynchronization and time synchronization, a symbol for notifying offrequency and time resources to be used by each data symbol groupdescribed in the fifth exemplary embodiment, information related to amodulating method for generating a data symbol group, and informationrelated to an error correction method for generating a data symbol group(for example, information related to a code, information related to acode length and information related to a coding rate).

However, control information symbols are not necessarily arranged on allof data symbol group #1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbolgroup #3 (3403), data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5(3405), data symbol group #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), datasymbol group #8 (3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group#10 (3510), data symbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512),and data symbol group #13 (3513) in the frequency direction. This pointwill be described with reference to FIG. 53.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of arrangement of control informationsymbols at time t1 to time t3 in FIG. 54. In a case of FIG. 54, datasymbol groups 5301, 5302 and 5303 each include any of data symbol group#1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbol group #3 (3403),data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5 (3405), data symbolgroup #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), data symbol group #8(3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group #10 (3510), datasymbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512), and data symbolgroup #13 (3513).

FIG. 53 illustrates control information symbols 5304 and 5305, and thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged in afrequency direction. Control information symbol 5304 is arranged on aspecific carrier as illustrated in FIG. 53. Moreover, controlinformation symbol 5305 is arranged on a specific carrier as illustratedin FIG. 53. Note that this specific carrier may include or may notinclude symbols other than the control information symbols.

When there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in a case wherefrequency division is performed as in FIG. 54 to arrange controlinformation symbols in a frequency and time area in which a data symbolgroup is arranged, the control information symbols may be arranged onspecific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier #40, carrier#55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the control information symbols maybe arranged according to arrangement of data symbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 54 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 36, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201, second preamble 202, first preamble501 and second preamble 502, in order to demodulate and decode datasymbol group #1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbol group#3 (3403), data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5 (3405),data symbol group #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), data symbolgroup #8 (3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group #10(3510), data symbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512), anddata symbol group #13 (3513) and to obtain information. For this reason,the receiving apparatus needs to obtain a modulated signal of afrequency band for receiving first preamble 201, second preamble 202,first preamble 501 and second preamble 502.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enabling demodulation anddecoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency band occupied bydata symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexible terminaldesign, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 54, it ispossible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 54, the control informationsymbols (for example, TMCC) are arranged on a data symbol group in thefrequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 53. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus can demodulate and decode data symbol group #2 byobtaining modulated signals of the frequency bands around data symbolgroup #2. Hence, flexible terminal design becomes possible.

As in the above-described example, when a data symbol group is arrangedby using frequency division, control information symbols are arranged inthe frequency direction, and thus it is possible to obtain an effect ofenabling flexible terminal design. Note that the control informationsymbols related to a data symbol group arranged by using time divisionare contained in the first preamble and the second preamble asillustrated in FIGS. 48, 50, 51, 52 and 54.

Note that control information related to a data symbol group subjectedto frequency division may be contained in the first preamble and thesecond preamble, or control information related to a data symbol groupsubjected to time division may be contained in control informationsymbols 4904, 4905, 5304 and 5305 illustrated in FIGS. 49 and 53.

Seventh Exemplary Embodiment

The case where phase change is performed on a modulated signal isdescribed in the first exemplary embodiment to the sixth exemplaryembodiment (for example, the first exemplary embodiment). In the presentexemplary embodiment, a method for performing phase change on a datasymbol group subjected to frequency division will be described inparticular.

The first exemplary embodiment describes the phase change that isperformed on both of baseband signals s1(t) and s1(i), and basebandsignals s2(t) and s2(i), or one of baseband signals s1(t) and s1(i), andbaseband signals s2(t) and s2(i). As features of the present method,phase change is not performed on, for example, pilot symbols, a firstpreamble, a second preamble and control information symbols other thansymbols for transmitting baseband signal s1(t) and baseband signal s2(t)in a transmission frame. Note that a pilot symbol may be referred to as,for example, a reference symbol, a unique word and a postamble.

Then, there are the following cases in a method for performing phasechange on a data symbol group subjected to frequency division, whichincludes “performing phase change on both of baseband signals s1(t) ands1(i), and baseband signals s2(t) and s2(i), or one of baseband signalss1(t) and s1(i), and baseband signals s2(t) and s2(i).”

First Case:

A first case will be described with reference to FIGS. 55A and 55B. Ineach of FIGS. 55A and 55B, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 55A illustrates a frameconfiguration of modulated signals z1(t) and z1(i) in the firstexemplary embodiment. FIG. 55B illustrates a frame configuration ofmodulated signals z2(t) and z2(i) in the first exemplary embodiment. Asymbol of modulated signals z1(t) and z1(i) and a symbol of modulatedsignals z2(t) and z2(i) of the same time and the same frequency (thesame carrier number) are transmitted from different antennas.

In FIGS. 55A and 55B, symbols described as “P” are pilot symbols, and asdescribed above, phase change is not performed on the pilot symbols. InFIGS. 55A and 55B, symbols other than the symbols described as “P” aresymbols (data symbols) for transmitting data. Note that in FIGS. 55A and55B, a frame is configured with the data symbols and the pilot symbols,but this configuration is only an example, and as described above,symbols such as control information symbols may be contained. In thiscase, phase change is not performed on the control information symbols,for example.

FIG. 55A illustrates area 5501 on which data symbols belonging to datasymbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5502 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. Then, FIG. 55Billustrates area 5503 on which data symbols belonging to data symbolgroup #1 are arranged, and area 5504 on which data symbols belonging todata symbol group #2 are arranged. As a result, in the examples in FIGS.55A and 55B, the data symbol groups are subjected to frequency divisionand are arranged.

In the data symbol groups in FIGS. 55A and 55B, there are 7 cycles ofphase change, and any phase change of 7 types of “phase change $0, phasechange $1, phase change $2, phase change $3, phase change $4, phasechange $5 and phase change $6” is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5501 in FIG. 55A, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5502 in FIG. 55A, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $0.” In this case, “%0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $1.” In this case, “%1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5503 in FIG. 55B, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y.” X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6. In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5504 in FIG. 55B, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $0.” In this case, “%0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $1.” In this case, “%1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofmodulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $6.” However, a phase change value is notlimited to these values.

Then, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of −(2×4×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of −(2×5×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of −(2×6×π)/14radians is performed as phase change $6.” However, a phase change valueis not limited to these values.

Note that as described above, phase change may be performed on modulatedsignal z1, and may not be performed on modulated signal z2. Moreover,phase change may not be performed on modulated signal z1, and phasechange may be performed on modulated signal z2.

Features of the first case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1 together with data symbol group #2.”That is, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbols of anentire frame, regardless of a belonging data symbol group.

Second Case:

A second case will be described with reference to FIGS. 56A and 56B. Ineach of FIGS. 56A and 56B, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 56B illustrates a frameconfiguration of modulated signals z1(t) and z1(i) in the firstexemplary embodiment. FIG. 56B illustrates a frame configuration ofmodulated signals z2(t) and z2(i) in the first exemplary embodiment. Asymbol of modulated signals z1(t) and z1(i) and a symbol of modulatedsignals z2(t) and z2(i) of the same time and the same frequency (thesame carrier number) are transmitted from different antennas.

In FIGS. 56A and 56B, symbols described as “P” are pilot symbols, and asdescribed above, phase change is not performed on the pilot symbols. InFIGS. 56A and 56B, symbols other than the symbols described as “P” aresymbols (data symbols) for transmitting data. Note that in FIGS. 56A and56B, a frame is configured with the data symbols and the pilot symbols,but this configuration is only an example, and as disclosed above,symbols such as control information symbols may be contained. In thiscase, phase change is not performed on the control information symbols,for example.

FIG. 56A illustrates area 5501 on which data symbols belonging to datasymbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5502 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. Then, FIG. 56Billustrates area 5503 on which data symbols belonging to data symbolgroup #1 are arranged, and area 5504 on which data symbols belonging todata symbol group #2 are arranged. As a result, in the example in FIG.56, the data symbol groups are subjected to frequency division and arearranged.

In data symbol group #1 in FIGS. 56A and 56B, there are 7 cycles ofphase change, and any phase change of 7 types of “phase change $0, phasechange $1, phase change $2, phase change $3, phase change $4, phasechange $5 and phase change $6” is performed. Then, in data symbol group#2 in FIGS. 56A and 56B, there are 5 cycles of phase change, and anyphase change of 5 types of “phase change

0, phase change

1, phase change

2, phase change

3 and phase change

4” is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5501 in FIG. 56A, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5502 in FIG. 56A, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0

0.” In this case, “% 0” means a “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2.Then, “

0” means performing phase change of “phase change

0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1

1.” In this case, “%1” means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2.Then, “

1” means performing phase change of “phase change

1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X

Y.” Note that X is an integer equal to or more than 0, and Y is aninteger equal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 4. In thiscase, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “

Y” means performing phase change of “phase change

Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5503 in FIG. 56B, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5504 in FIG. 56B, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0

0.” In this case, “%0” means a “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2.Then, “

0” means performing phase change of “phase change

0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1

1.” In this case, “%1” means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2.Then, “

1” means performing phase change of “phase change

1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X

Y.” Note that X is an integer equal to or more than 0, and Y is aninteger equal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 4. In thiscase, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “

Y” means performing phase change of “phase change

Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbolgroup #1 of modulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of(2×0×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of(2×1×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of(2×2×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of(2×3×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of(2×4×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of(2×5×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $5,” and “phase changeof (2×6×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $6.” However, a phasechange value is not limited to these values.

Then, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #1 ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of −(2×4×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of −(2×5×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of −(2×6×π)/14radians is performed as phase change $6.” However, a phase change valueis not limited to these values.

Note that as described above, phase change may be performed in datasymbol group #1 of modulated signal z1, and may not be performed in datasymbol group #1 of modulated signal z2. Moreover, phase change may notbe performed in data symbol group #1 of modulated signal z1, and phasechange may be performed in data symbol group #1 of modulated signal z2.

Then, 5 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #2 ofmodulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/10 radians isperformed as phase change

0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

3,” and “phase change of (2×4×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

4.” However, a phase change value is not limited to these values.

Then, 5 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #2 ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change

0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/10 radians is performed as phase change

3,” and “phase change of −(2×4×π)/10 radians is performed as phasechange

4.” However, a phase change value is not limited to these values.

Note that as described above, phase change may be performed in datasymbol group #2 of modulated signal z1, and may not be performed in datasymbol group #2 of modulated signal z2. Moreover, phase change may notbe performed in data symbol group #2 of modulated signal z1, and phasechange may be performed in data symbol group #2 of modulated signal z2.

Features of the second case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1, and also 5 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #2.” That is, unique phase change isperformed in each data symbol group. However, the same phase change maybe performed in different data symbols.

Third Case:

FIG. 57 illustrates a relationship between a transmission station and aterminal in a case of a third case. Terminal #3 (5703) can receivemodulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmission station #1 (5701),and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted by transmission station #2(5702). For example, in frequency band A, the same data is transmittedin modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2. That is, when a basebandsignal mapped on a data sequence by a certain modulating method is s1(t,f) (where t represents time and f represents a frequency.), transmissionstation #1 and transmission station #2 both transmit modulated signalsbased on s1(t, f).

Hence, terminal #3 (5703) receives both of the modulated signaltransmitted by transmission station #1 and the modulated signaltransmitted by transmission station #2 in frequency band A, anddemodulates and decodes data.

FIG. 58 is an example of a configuration of transmission station #1 andtransmission station #2. A case where transmission station #1 andtransmission station #2 both transmit modulated signals based on s1(t,f) as in frequency band A as described above will be discussed.

Error correction encoder 5802 receives an input of information 5801 andsignal 5813 related to a transmitting method. Error correction encoder5802 performs error correction coding based on information related to anerror correction coding method and contained in signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Error correction encoder 5802 outputs data5803.

Mapper 5804 receives an input of data 5803 and signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Mapper 5804 performs mapping based oninformation related to the modulating method and contained in signal5813 related to the transmitting method. Mapper 5804 outputs basebandsignal 5805 (s1(t, f)). Note that data interleaving (data orderrearrangement) may be performed between error correction encoder 5802and mapper 5804.

Control information symbol generator 5807 receives an input of controlinformation 5806, and information 5813 related to the transmittingmethod. Control information symbol generator 5807 generates a controlinformation symbol based on information related to the transmittingmethod and contained in signal 5813 related to the transmitting method.Control information symbol generator 5807 outputs baseband signal 5808of the control information symbol.

Pilot symbol generator 5809 receives an input of signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Pilot symbol generator 5809 generates a pilotsymbol based on signal 5813. Pilot symbol generator 5809 outputsbaseband signal 5810 of a pilot symbol.

Transmitting method instructing unit 5812 receives an input oftransmitting method instruction information 5811. Transmitting methodinstructing unit 5812 generates and outputs signal 5813 related to thetransmitting method.

Phase changer 5814 receives an input of baseband signal 5805 (s1(t, f)),baseband signal 5808 of the control information symbol, baseband signal5810 of the pilot symbol, and signal 5813 related to the transmittingmethod. Phase changer 5814 performs phase change based on information ofa frame configuration contained in signal 5813 related to thetransmitting method, and based on information related to phase change.Phase changer 5814 outputs baseband signal 5815 based on a frameconfiguration. Note that details will be described below with referenceto FIGS. 59 and 60.

Radio unit 5816 receives an input of baseband signal 5815 based on theframe configuration, and signal 5813 related to the transmitting method.Radio unit 5816 performs processing such as interleaving, inverseFourier transform and frequency conversion based on signal 5813 relatedto the transmitting method. Radio unit 5816 generates and outputstransmission signal 5817. Transmission signal 5817 is output as a radiowave from antenna 5818.

FIG. 59 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal (transmission signal) to be transmitted by the transmissionstation in FIG. 58. In FIG. 59, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. In FIG. 59, symbols described as“P” are pilot symbols, and as features of the third case, phase changeis performed on the pilot symbols. Moreover, symbols described as “C”are control information symbols, and as features of the third case,phase change is performed on the control information symbols. Note thatFIG. 59 is an example in a case where control information symbols arearranged in a time axis direction.

In a frame in FIG. 59, there are 7 cycles of phase change, and any phasechange of 7 types of “phase change $0, phase change $1, phase change $2,phase change $3, phase change $4, phase change $5 and phase change $6”is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5901 in FIG. 59, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $1.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” means performing phasechange of “phase change $1.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $2.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$2” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $2.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5902 in FIG. 59, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $3.” In this case, “%0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$3” means performing phasechange of “phase change $3.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $4.” In this case, “%1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$4” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $4.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there is a symbol described as “C $0.” In thiscase, “C” means a control information symbol, and “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “C $Y.” Note that Y is an integerequal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 6. In this case, “C”means a control information symbol, and “$Y” means performing phasechange of “phase change $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there are symbols described as “P $0,” forexample. In this case, “P” means a pilot symbol, and “$0” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $0.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “P $Y.” Note that Y is an integerequal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 6. In this case, “P”means a pilot symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofa modulated signal. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $6.” However, a phase change value is notlimited to these values.

Note that in modulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmissionstation #1 (5701) and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted bytransmission station #2 (5702) in FIG. 57, phase change may be performedon both of modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2. However,different types of phase change may be performed on modulated signal #1and modulated signal #2. That is, phase change values may be different,and a cycle of the phase change of modulated signal #1 and a cycle ofthe phase change of modulated signal #2 may be different. Moreover,phase change may be performed on modulated signal #1, and may not beperformed on modulated signal #2. Then, phase change may not beperformed on modulated signal #1, and phase change may be performed onmodulated signal #2.

FIG. 60 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal (transmission signal) to be transmitted by the transmissionstation in FIG. 58. In FIG. 60, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. In FIG. 60, symbols described as“P” are pilot symbols, and as features of the third case, phase changeis performed on the pilot symbols. Moreover, symbols described as “C”are control information symbols, and as features of the third case,phase change is performed on the control information symbols. Note thatFIG. 60 is an example in a case where control information symbols arearranged in a frequency axis direction.

In a frame in FIG. 60, there are 7 cycles of phase change, and any phasechange of 7 types of “phase change $0, phase change $1, phase change $2,phase change $3, phase change $4, phase change $5 and phase change $6”is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 6001 in FIG. 60, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 6002 in FIG. 60, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $2.” In this case, “%0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$2” means performing phasechange of “phase change $2.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $3.” In this case, “% 1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$3” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “%X $Y.” Note that X is an integerequal to or more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 andequal to or less than 6. In this case, “%X” means an “Xth symbol” ofdata symbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 60, there is a symbol described as “C $3,” forexample. In this case, “C” means a control information symbol, and “$3”means performing phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “C $Y.” Note that Y is an integerequal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 6. In this case, “C”means a control information symbol, and “$Y” means performing phasechange of “phase change $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there is a symbol described as “P $3,” forexample. In this case, “P” means a pilot symbol, and “$3” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “P $Y.” Note that Y is an integerequal to or more than 0 and equal to or less than 6. In this case, “P”means a pilot symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofa modulated signal. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $6.” However, a phase change value is notlimited to these values.

Note that in modulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmissionstation #1 (5701) and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted bytransmission station #2 (5702) in

FIG. 57, phase change may be performed on both of modulated signal #1and modulated signal #2. However, different types of phase change may beperformed on modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2. That is, phasechange values may be different, and a cycle of the phase change ofmodulated signal #1 and a cycle of the phase change of modulated signal#2 may be different. Moreover, phase change may be performed onmodulated signal #1, and may not be performed on modulated signal #1.Then, phase change may not be performed on modulated signal #1, andphase change may be performed on modulated signal #1.

FIGS. 59 and 60 each illustrate the 7 cycles of phase change, as anexample. However, a value of the cycle is not limited to this exampleand may be another value. Moreover, the cycle of phase change may beformed in the frequency axis direction or in the time direction.

Moreover, when phase change is performed for each symbol in FIGS. 59 and60, there may be no cycle of phase change.

Note that the configuration of transmission stations #1 and #2 in FIG.57 is not limited to the configuration in FIG. 58. Another configurationexample will be described with reference to FIG. 61.

Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 58 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 61, and will not be described. Features ofFIG. 61 are such that another apparatus transmits data 5803, controlinformation 5806 and transmitting method instruction information 5811,and receiver 6102 in FIG. 61 performs demodulation and decoding toobtain data 5803, control information 5806 and transmitting methodinstruction information 5811. Hence, receiver 6102 receives a modulatedsignal transmitted by another apparatus, receives an input of receivedsignal 6101, and demodulates and decodes received signal 6101 to outputdata 5803, control information 5806, and transmitting method instructioninformation 5811.

Features of the third case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1 together with data symbol group #2.”That is, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in symbols of an entireframe. Symbols other than data symbols are control information symbolsand pilot symbols in a case of FIGS. 59 and 60. However, there may besymbols other than control information symbols and pilot symbols.

For example, the transmitting apparatus (transmission station) in FIG. 1selects and carries out any of the above-described first case, secondcase and third case. As a matter of course, the transmitting apparatusin FIG. 1 performs the operations described with reference to FIGS. 58and 61 when the transmitting apparatus selects the third case.

As described above, the transmitting apparatus can favorably obtain adiversity effect in each data symbol group by carrying out anappropriate phase change method in each transmitting method. For thisreason, the receiving apparatus can obtain an effect of making itpossible to obtain good data reception quality.

Note that as a matter of course, the transmitting apparatus(transmission station) may carry out any of the above-described firstcase, second case and third case alone.

(Supplementary Note)

The broadcast system or the communication system according to thepresent disclosure is described according to the above-describedexemplary embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited tothe above-described exemplary embodiments.

As a matter of course, the present disclosure may be carried out bycombining a plurality of the exemplary embodiments and other contentsdescribed herein.

Moreover, each exemplary embodiment and the other contents are onlyexamples. For example, while a “modulating method, an error correctioncoding method, control information and the like” are exemplified, it ispossible to carry out the present disclosure with the same configurationeven when other types of a “modulating method, an error correctioncoding method, control information and the like” are applied. Note thatthe error correction coding method means an error correction code, acode length, a coding rate and the like to be used.

As for a modulating method, even when a modulating method other than themodulating methods described herein is used, it is possible to carry outthe exemplary embodiments and the other contents described herein. Forexample, APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) (such as 16APSK, 64APSK,128APSK, 256APSK, 1024APSK and 4096APSK), PAM (Pulse AmplitudeModulation) (such as 4PAM, 8PAM, 16PAM, 64PAM, 128PAM, 256PAM, 1024PAMand 4096PAM), PSK (such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK, 64PSK, 128PSK,256PSK, 1024PSK and 4096PSK), and QAM (such as 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM,128QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM and 4096QAM) may be applied, or in eachmodulating method, uniform mapping or non-uniform mapping may beperformed (any mapping may be performed.).

Moreover, a method for arranging 16 signal points, 64 signal points orthe like on an I-Q plane (a modulating method having 16 signal points,64 signal points or the like) is not limited to a signal point arrangingmethod of the modulating methods described herein. Hence, a function ofoutputting an in-phase component and a quadrature component based on aplurality of bits is a function in a mapper.

Moreover, herein, when there is a complex plane, a phase unit such as anargument is a “radian.”

When the complex plane is used, display in a polar form can be made asdisplay by polar coordinates of a complex number. When point (a, b) onthe complex plane is associated with complex number z=a+jb (a and b areboth actual numbers, and j is a unit of an imaginary number), and whenthis point is expressed by [r, θ] in polar coordinates, a=r×cos θ andb=r×sin θ

[Equation 61]

r=√{square root over (a ² +b ²)}  (61)

hold, r is an absolute value of z (r=|z|), and θ is an argument. Then,z=a+jb is expressed by r×e^(jθ).

The present disclosure described herein is applicable to a multi-carriertransmitting method such as the OFDM method, and is also applicable to asingle carrier transmitting method. For example, in a case of amulti-carrier method, symbols are arranged in a frequency axis, but in acase of a single carrier, symbols are arranged only in a time direction.Moreover, a spread spectrum communication method is also applicable tobaseband signals by using spreading codes.

Different modulating methods may be used for data s0, s1, s2 and s3 inthe above-described exemplary embodiments, respectively.

Herein, a receiving apparatus of a terminal and an antenna may beconfigured separately. For example, the receiving apparatus includes aninterface which receives through a cable an input of a signal receivedat the antenna or a signal obtained by performing frequency conversionon a signal received at the antenna, and the receiving apparatusperforms subsequent processing. Moreover, data or information obtainedby the receiving apparatus is subsequently converted into a video or asound, and a display (monitor) displays the video or a speaker outputsthe sound. Further, the data or the information obtained by thereceiving apparatus may be subjected to signal processing related to avideo or a sound (signal processing may not be performed), and may beoutput from an RCA terminal (a video terminal or an audio terminal), aUSB (Universal Serial Bus), a USB 2, a USB 3, an HDMI (High-DefinitionMultimedia Interface), an HDMI 2, a digital terminal or the like of thereceiving apparatus. Moreover, the data or the information obtained bythe receiving apparatus is modulated by using a wireless communicationmethod (Wi-Fi (registered trademark) (IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad and the like),WiGiG, Bluetooth (registered trademark) and the like) or a wiredcommunication method (optical communication, power line communicationand the like), and these information may be transmitted to otherapparatuses. In this case, a terminal includes a transmitting apparatusfor transmitting information. In this case, the terminal may transmitdata including the data or the information obtained by the receivingapparatus, or may generate modified data from the data or theinformation obtained by the receiving apparatus and transmit themodified data.

Herein, it can be considered that a communication and broadcastapparatuses such as a broadcast station, a base station, an accesspoint, a terminal and a mobile phone includes the transmittingapparatus. In this case, it can be considered that a communicationapparatus such as a television, a radio, a terminal, a personalcomputer, a mobile phone, an access point and a base station includesthe receiving apparatus. Moreover, it can also be considered that eachof the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus according tothe present disclosure is an apparatus having communication functionsand has a form connectable via any interface to an apparatus forexecuting an application such as a television, a radio, a personalcomputer and a mobile phone.

Moreover, in the present exemplary embodiment, symbols other than datasymbols, for example, pilot symbols and control information symbols maybe arranged in frames in any way. Then, these symbols are named a pilotsymbol and a control information symbol here, but may be named in anyway, and a function itself is important. Moreover, pilot symbols may bereferred to as preambles, unique words, postambles or reference symbols.

As a result, for example, a symbol is named a preamble herein, but thename of the symbol is not limited to this name, and the symbol may benamed another name such as a control information symbol and a controlchannel. This symbol is a symbol for transmitting control informationsuch as information of a transmitting method. Note that the transmittingmethod indicates at least one or more of a transmitting method, amodulating method, a coding rate of an error correction code, a codelength of an error correction code, a frame configuring method and aFourier transform method (size).

Moreover, the pilot symbol only needs to be a known symbol modulated byusing PSK modulation in a transmitting apparatus and a receivingapparatus. The receiving apparatus performs frequency synchronization,time synchronization, channel estimation (of each modulated signal)(estimation of CSI (Channel State Information)), signal detection andthe like by using this symbol. Note that instead of the known symbol,the receiving apparatus may be able to learn a symbol transmitted by atransmitting apparatus by establishing synchronization.

Moreover, the control information symbol is a symbol for transmittinginformation that is used for realizing communication other than datacommunication (such as application communication) and that needs to betransmitted to a communicating party (the information such as amodulating method used for communication, an error correction codingmethod, a coding rate of the error correction coding method and settinginformation in an upper layer).

In the frame configurations herein, another symbol such as a pilotsymbol and a null symbol may be inserted to the first preamble.Similarly, a symbol such as a pilot symbol and a null symbol may beinserted to the second preamble. Moreover, a preamble is configured withthe first preamble and the second preamble. However, the preambleconfiguration is not limited to this configuration. The preamble may beconfigured with the first preamble (first preamble group) alone or maybe configured with two or more preambles (preamble groups). Note that inregard to the preamble configuration, the same also applies to frameconfigurations of other exemplary embodiments.

Moreover, the data symbol group is indicated in the frame configurationsherein. However, another symbol such as any of a pilot symbol, a nullsymbol and a control information symbol may be inserted. Note that inthis regard, the same also applies to frame configurations of otherexemplary embodiments. Then, another symbol such as any of a nullsymbol, a control information symbol and a data symbol may be insertedin a pilot symbol.

Moreover, some of the frame configurations of modulated signals to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus are described herein. In thiscase, the above describes the point that “time division is performed.”However, when two data symbol groups are connected, there is a portionsubjected to frequency division at a seam portion. This point will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 39.

FIG. 39 illustrates symbol 3901 of data symbol group #1 and symbol 3902of data symbol group #2. As illustrated at time t0 in FIG. 39, thesymbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. In this case, thesymbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged from carrier 5 at time to.Then, only a portion at time t0 is exceptionally subjected to frequencydivision. However, there is only the symbol of data symbol group #1before time t0, and there is only the symbol of data symbol group #2after time t0. At this point, time division is performed.

FIG. 40 illustrates another example. Note that the same referencenumerals as those in FIG. 39 are assigned. As illustrated at time t0 inFIG. 40, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. Then,as illustrated at time t1, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends withcarrier 5. Then, the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged fromcarrier 5 at time t0, and the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arrangedfrom carrier 6 at time t1. Then, portions at time t0 and time t1 areexceptionally subjected to frequency division. However, there is onlythe symbol of data symbol group #1 before time t0, and there is only thesymbol of data symbol #2 after time t1. At this point, time division isperformed.

As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40, there is a case where, except for theexceptional portions, there are time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #1 and at which there may bea pilot symbol or the like and time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #2 and at which there may bea pilot symbol or the like. This case will be referred to as “timedivision is performed.” Hence, an exceptional time existing method isnot limited to FIGS. 39 and 40.

CONCLUSION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

A transmitting method according to a first aspect of the presentdisclosure includes generating a frame by allocating time and frequencyresources to a plurality of transmission data by using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, and transmitting theframe, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preambleincluding control information is transmitted, a second period in which aplurality of transmission data is transmitted by using a time divisionmultiplexing method, and a third period in which a plurality oftransmission data is transmitted by using a frequency divisionmultiplexing method, the control information includes informationindicating the allocation of the time and frequency resources for eachof the plurality of transmission data to be transmitted in the secondperiod and the third period, and the information indicating theallocation of the time and frequency resources indicates time and afrequency in the frame of transmission data arranged at a head in theframe among the plurality of transmission data arranged in the frame.

A receiving method according to a second aspect of the presentdisclosure includes receiving a frame generated by allocating time andfrequency resources to a plurality of data by using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, where the received frameincludes a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a secondperiod in which a plurality of data is transmitted by usign a timedivision multiplexing method, and a third period in which a plurality ofdata is transmitted by using a frequency division multiplexing method,acquiring control information from the preamble, and demodulating atleast any one of the plurality of data transmitted in the second periodand the third period, based on the control information, wherein thecontrol information includes information indicating the allocation ofthe time and frequency resources for each of the plurality of data to betransmitted in the second period and the third period, and theinformation indicating the allocation of the time and frequencyresources indicates time and a frequency in the frame of data arrangedat a head in the frame among the plurality of data arranged in theframe.

A transmitting apparatus according to a third aspect of the presentdisclosure includes frame configuring circuitry, which in operation,generates a frame by allocating time and frequency resources to aplurality of transmission data by using an orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) method, and that configures a frame, andtransmitting circuitry, which in operation, transmits the frame, whereinthe frame configuring circuitry configures the frame including a firstperiod in which a preamble including control information is transmitted,a second period in which a plurality of transmission data is transmittedby usign a time division multiplexing method, and a third period inwhich a plurality of transmission data is transmitted by using afrequency division multiplexing method, the control information includesinformation indicating the allocation of the time and frequencyresources for each of the plurality of transmission data to betransmitted in the second period and the third period, and theinformation indicating the allocation of the time and frequencyresources indicates time and a frequency arranged in the frame oftransmission data arranged at a head in the frame among the plurality oftransmission data arranged in the frame.

A receiving apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the presentdisclosure includes receiving circuitry, which in operation, receives aframe generated by allocating time and frequency resources to aplurality of data by using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) method, where the received frame includes a first period in whicha preamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality oftransmission data is transmitted by usign a time division multiplexingmethod, and a third period in which a plurality of transmission data istransmitted by using a frequency division multiplexing method, preambleprocessing circuitry, which in operation, acquires control informationfrom the preamble, and demodulating circuitry, which in operation,demodulates at least any one of the plurality of data transmitted in thesecond period and the third period, based on the control information,wherein the control information includes information indicating theallocation of the time and frequency resources for each of the pluralityof transmission data to be transmitted in the second period and thethird period, and the information indicating the allocation of the timeand frequency resources indicates time and a frequency in the frame ofdata arranged at a head in the frame among the plurality of dataarranged in the frame.

Note that the present disclosure is not limited to each exemplaryembodiment, and can be carried out with various modifications. Forexample, the case where the present disclosure is performed as acommunication apparatus is described in each exemplary embodiment.However, the present disclosure is not limited to this case, and thiscommunication method can also be used as software.

Transmission antennas of transmission stations and base stations,reception antennas of terminals and one antenna described in thedrawings may be configured with a plurality of antennas.

Note that a program for executing the above-described communicationmethod may be stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) in advance to cause aCPU (Central Processing Unit) to operate this program.

Moreover, the program for executing the communication method may bestored in a computer-readable storage medium to record the programstored in the recording medium in a RAM (Random Access Memory) of acomputer, and to cause the computer to operate according to thisprogram.

Then, each configuration of each of the above-described exemplaryembodiments and the like may be realized as an LSI (Large ScaleIntegration) which is typically an integrated circuit. These integratedcircuits may be formed as one chip separately, or may be formed as onechip so as to include the entire configuration or part of theconfiguration of each exemplary embodiment. The LSI is described here,but the integrated circuit may also be referred to as an IC (IntegratedCircuit), a system LSI, a super LSI and an ultra LSI depending on adegree of integration. Moreover, a circuit integration technique is notlimited to the LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or ageneral purpose processor. After manufacturing of the LSI, aprogrammable FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or a reconfigurableprocessor which is reconfigurable in connection or settings of circuitcells inside the LSI may be used.

Further, when development of a semiconductor technology or anotherderived technology provides a circuit integration technology whichreplaces the LSI, as a matter of course, functional blocks may beintegrated by using this technology. There may be biotechnologyadaptation or the like as a possibility.

The present disclosure is widely applicable to a wireless system whichtransmits different modulated signals from a plurality of antennas,respectively. Moreover, the present disclosure is also applicable to acase where MIMO transmission is performed in a wired communicationsystem having a plurality of transmission portions (for example, a PLC(Power Line Communication) system, an optical communication system, anda DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) system).

Note that the first exemplary embodiment is described by using basebandsignals s1(t), s1(i), s2(t) and s2(i). In this case, data to betransmitted with s1(t) and s1(i) and data to be transmitted with s2(t)and s2(i) may be the same.

Moreover, s1(t)=s2(t) and s1(i)=s2(i) may hold. In this case, amodulated signal of one stream is transmitted from a plurality ofantennas.

The present disclosure is widely applicable to a wireless system whichtransmits different modulated signals from a plurality of antennas,respectively. Moreover, the present disclosure is also applicable to acase where MIMO transmission is performed in a wired communicationsystem having a plurality of transmission portions such as a PLC (PowerLine Communication) system, an optical communication system, and a DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) system.

What is claimed is:
 1. A transmission method according toFrequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), the transmission methodcomprising: selecting a pattern from among resource allocation patterns,the resource allocation patterns defining respective allocations ofOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers tosubcarrier groups; generating a preamble symbol including allocationinformation indicating the selected pattern; mapping data groups ontothe subcarrier groups according to the selected pattern to perform FDM;and transmitting the preamble symbol and the mapped data groupsaccording to OFDM, wherein a fixed subcarrier group having fixed OFDMsubcarriers is provided regardless of the selected pattern, and thenumber of the fixed OFDM subcarriers is fixed regardless of the selectedpattern.
 2. The transmission method according to claim 1, wherein thenumber of OFDM subcarriers included in each subcarrier group is amultiplier of N, N being an integer greater than two.
 3. Thetransmission method according to claim 1, wherein the preamble symbolincludes a first portion and a second portion, the first portionincludes information on at least one of modulation or error correctingcoding, and the second portion includes the allocation information. 4.The transmission method according to claim 1, further comprising:selecting a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme; and performing TDMon the data groups with if the TDM scheme is selected.
 5. Thetransmission method according to claim 1, wherein transmission controlinformation is mapped onto the fixed subcarrier group.
 6. A transmissionmethod according to Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), thetransmission method comprising: selecting a pattern from among resourceallocation patterns, the resource allocation patterns definingrespective allocations of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing(OFDM) subcarriers to subcarrier groups, the resource allocationpatterns including a first pattern and a second pattern according towhich the OFDM subcarriers are allocated to first subcarrier groups andsecond subcarrier groups, respectively; generating a preamble symbolincluding allocation information indicating the selected pattern;mapping data groups onto the subcarrier groups according to the selectedpattern to perform FDM; and transmitting the preamble symbol and themapped data groups according to OFDM, wherein the number of the firstsubcarrier groups is different from the number of the second subcarriergroups, and the first subcarrier groups and the second subcarrier groupsinclude a fixed subcarrier group in common.
 7. The transmission methodaccording to claim 6, wherein the number of OFDM subcarriers included ineach subcarrier group is a multiplier of N, N being an integer greaterthan two.
 8. The transmission method according to claim 6, wherein thepreamble symbol includes a first portion and a second portion, the firstportion includes information on at least one of modulation or errorcorrecting coding, and the second portion includes the allocationinformation.
 9. The transmission method according to claim 6, furthercomprising: selecting a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme; andperforming TDM on the data groups with if the TDM scheme is selected.10. The transmission method according to claim 6, wherein transmissioncontrol information is mapped onto the fixed subcarrier group.
 11. Areception method according to Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), thereception method comprising: receiving a preamble symbol and mapped datagroups according to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM);reading resource allocation information included in the preamble toidentify a selected pattern, the selected pattern having been selectedfrom among resource allocation patterns, the resource allocationpatterns defining respective allocations of OFDM subcarriers tosubcarrier groups, the resource allocation patterns including a firstpattern and a second pattern according to which the OFDM subcarriers areallocated to first subcarrier groups and second subcarrier groups,respectively; and demapping on the mapped data groups to generate datagroups according to the selected pattern, wherein the number of thefirst subcarrier groups is different from the number of the secondsubcarrier groups, and the first subcarrier groups and the secondsubcarrier groups include a fixed subcarrier group in common.
 12. Thereception method according to claim 11, wherein the number of OFDMsubcarriers included in each subcarrier group is a multiplier of N, Nbeing an integer greater than two.
 13. The reception method according toclaim 11, wherein the preamble symbol includes a first portion and asecond portion, the first portion includes information on at least oneof modulation or error correcting coding, and the second portionincludes the allocation information.
 14. The reception method accordingto claim 11, further comprising: reading the preamble symbol todetermine whether a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme is used; anddemapping on the mapped data groups according to TDM if the TDM schemeis determined to be used.
 15. The reception method according to claim11, wherein transmission control information is mapped onto the fixedsubcarrier group.